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Search Results - Catabolism

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Catabolism (Greek kata = downward + ballein = to throw) is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy.[1] In catabolism, large molecules such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are broken down into smaller units such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides and amino acids, respectively. As molecules such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids are made from long chains of these small monomer units (mono = one + mer = part), the large molecules are called polymers (poly = many).

Cells use the monomers released from breaking down polymers to either construct new polymer molecules, or degrade the monomers further to simple waste products, releasing energy. Cellular wastes include lactic acid, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and urea. The creation of these wastes is usually an oxidation process involving a release of chemical free energy, some of which is lost as heat, but the rest of which is used to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This molecule acts as a way for the cell to transfer the energy released by catabolism to the energy-requiring reactions that make up anabolism. Catabolism therefore provides the chemical energy necessary for the maintenance and growth of cells. Examples of catabolic processes include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis and breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids.

There are many signals that control catabolism. Most of the known signals are hormones and the molecules involved in metabolism itself. Endocrinologists have traditionally classified many of the hormones as anabolic or catabolic, depending on which part of metabolism they stimulate. The "classic" catabolic hormones known since the early 20th century are cortisol, glucagon, and adrenaline (and other catecholamines). In recent decades, many more hormones with at least some catabolic effects have been discovered, including cytokines, orexin and hypocretin (a hormone pair), and melatonin.

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Showing 1 to 14 of 14 Articles matching 'Catabolism' in related articles.
Pages: 1

1. Muscle Building Supplement - The Best Muscle Building Supplement
August 10, 2009

Have you been searching for the best muscle-building supplement? I hope when you ramble through this article you will have a good understanding about the different types of muscle building supplements available in today’s market, and which ones are the best for you. We will discuss about the best muscle-building supplement. Shall we? 1. Whey protein: whey protein is the ultimate source of protein; it’s the top quality protein available, is a rich source of branched chain amino acids and it comes from milk. Apparently, there are no foods that actually contain whey protein, although there ... (read more)

Author: Emmanuel Ajesin

2. Knowledge based weight loss
May 27, 2009

Fat and muscles get depleted on dieting. It directly impacts the body metabolism by slowing it down. A sluggish metabolism burns fewer calories in body anabolism and catabolism activities. The basic background of knowledge of weight loss principle goes a long way in making rational decisions for effective weight loss. As one puts on years, the accumulated fat in the body is difficult to dissolve. Most of the time it is the case that lean muscle mass is reduced but body fat increases. To actually lose weight the accumulated fat has to be burnt through activity and the metabolic rate has to incr... (read more)

Author: Robert Bell

3. Want A Big Bench Press?
October 10, 2008

Then you're probably determined to get one. It's that same determination that will be your struggle. The more you want it, the harder you want to work and the longer you want to stay in the gym. This is going to lead to overtraining which will stunt any strength gains you've made and delay any dreams of an even bigger bench. How do you know if you're at risk of overtraining? If you feel run down after a workout, notice that you aren't making any gains, you always do forced reps, you're not getting enough rest, your diet stinks, you have a bad attitude or you aren't motivated you're probab... (read more)

Author: Mike Westerdal

4. Anabolic Entities
October 02, 2008

Anabolism - the process by which the energy supplied by the nutrients in the bloodstream is turned into increased cellular mass. This is the process by which muscle bulk is laid down. The goal of all body builders is to increase their anabolic potential while avoiding its opposite, catabolism, which breaks down hard-won tissues into sugars. Dieters, however, don't mind a bit of catabolism - this is how fat is burned. To maximize your muscle mass, increasing your anabolic potential often needs the helping hand of a body building supplement such as Anabolic Entities EPH Burn Extreme Energy ... (read more)

Author: Brad Green

5. Bodybuilding Supplements Review - Protein
September 16, 2008

The most important nutrient for building muscle is protein Not the only nutrient of course, but the most important. How much ? I'd go for 1 gram of protein for each pound of bodyweight. If you are a really thin hardgainer with a fast metabolism go for 1.25 grams for each pound of bodyweight. There are two major players in the protein powder arena, whey and casein. Whey is the fast absorber while casein is absorbed at a much slower rate. Research has shown that casein, micellar casein to be exact, has a great anti-catabolic effect (catabolism is the breakdown of muscle tissue) and if it's anti-... (read more)

Author: Ignatius Gluck

6. Burn Fat 4 Dummies - Burn Fat 4 Dummies Review
August 12, 2008

What Is Your Metabolism Burn fat 4 dummies reveals some little known facts about your metabolism. To really understand what your metabolism is you must first understand these two terms. Anabolism - The process in which the body re-creates tissue and cells. Catabolism - The process in which the body breaks down cells to create energy. Metabolism is a measure of which both of these work together, anabolism (stores energy), catabolism (burns energy). When your metabolism is slow, anabolism is in effect and is storing energy in the form of fat. When your metaboli... (read more)

Author: Brian Kiernan

7. What You Need to Know About L-Glutamine Powder
July 15, 2008

Next to protein, l-glutamine powder is becoming a hot topic in gyms around the world. L-glutamine is an amino acid that is naturally produced by the body. However, for bodybuilders, the amount that the body is producing really isn't enough, even though there is more l-glutamine in your body than any other amino acid. Again, it's important, and there are several things that you need to know about l-glutamine powder. First, understand what l-glutamine does for you. It is vital in the function of protein metabolism. It volumizes cells, and it prevents catabolism, which is a state where your m... (read more)

Author: craig doyle

8. Reverse the Aging Process - ANABOLIC/CATABOLIC INDEX
April 01, 2008

Don't experience the catastrophe of catabolism! Have you ever been shocked by learning the real age of someone who looked much younger...or older...than their chronological age? Science has now shown that some individuals shift from an anabolic (high-energy/repair and rebuild) metabolism to a catabolic (low-energy/cellular breakdown) metabolism at a much slower rate than others. Your brain is like a computer that continuously calculates the age of your body. The brain gets its information from the hormones DHEA, whThe Anabolic/Catabolic Index (ACI) was developed by Univera Pharmace... (read more)

Author: about massagers

9. Weight Loss - The Truth about Herbal Weight Loss
March 16, 2008

Fasting demands the fat cells be used as fuel. As soon as the body needs calories the process or catabolism (tearing down) starts. Each pound of fat has approximately 3,500 calories, which becomes fuel for the body. As each day passes, you get thinner and thinner. Excess fat is nothing more than extra calories stored in the fat cells. The purpose of fat cells is to be fuel for times of famine. For North America, famine does not exist; instead, the North American diet is a continual indulgence of high-calorie foods, eaten in an attempt to fulfill emotional needs. The fat cells get bigger a... (read more)

Author: Peter Hutch

10. Human Studies-Sports
February 15, 2008

During periods of stress, hypermetabolism may result in the excessive catabolism of protein and lean body mass. An example of such a condition is severe thermal injury, whereby the protein requirements may be much greater than normal. Because whey proteins contain high concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), a comparison was made between different levels of dietary whey versus different levels of BCAAs on the recovery from severe burns in guinea pig Guinea pigs were divided into six groups. Each group received either 10%, 20%, or 30% of their calories from whey or BCAAs. Although... (read more)

Author: Robert Baird

11. Not All Proteins Are Created Equal, Part III, (Choose Your Proteins Wisely)
October 08, 2007

Finally, Part III in the Protein Series addresses utilization of the protein sources. So, what does all this knowledge mean to you and how can you apply it to choose your protein wisely? Unless you are sick, the human body should be in a state of “homeostasis” or balance, which means that proteins are being broken down at the same time that they are being created. Regardless of the sport or recreational fitness activities you are involved in, there is one commonality among them: emphasizing protein synthesis or anabolism over protein breakdown or catabolism. The best way to do this is t... (read more)

Author: Lucho Crisalle Rd

12. Anabolic Androgenic Steroid
May 22, 2007

What an anabolic androgenic steroid is can be best understood taking the words separately. Anabolic or anabolism refers to that metabolic process in living organisms and cells - such as inside our body - that helps in synthesizing or bringing together smaller molecules to build larger ones. As against catabolism, that does the opposite, anabolism tends to coalesce complex molecules, letting them grow as a whole. Androgenic stands for that property of a natural or synthetic chemical compound in vertebrates (for example, human beings) that stimulates or controls development and maintenance ... (read more)

Author: Sudhani K

13. Hemolytic Anemias
April 25, 2007

The hemolytic anemias are characterized by the following features: Shortening of the normal red cell life span, that is . premature destruction of red cells Accumulation of the products of hemoglobin catabolism. A marked increase in erythropoiesis within the bone marrow, in an attempt to compensate for the loss of red cells. The psysiologic destruction of senescent red cells takes place within the mononuclear phagocytic cells of the spleen. In hemolytic anemias, too the premature destruction of red cells occurs predominantly, within the mononuclear phagocyte system (extravascular... (read more)

Author: donald anderson

14. Anabolism and catabolism
March 24, 2006

If you are not eating enough to endure your body's transaction and feeding it the required nutrients, you are mostly likely in a intensify state of catabolism. This mode you'll build less muscle, your metabolism volition declaration come to pass slower and changes will not be in your favor. A slow metabolism isn't what you want for your setting. visite www.diet-advices.com As an individual who wants to lose weight and generate changes thru exercise and diet, you should be striving for a larger degree of anabolism. Don't disquiet it's not labyrinthine difficult. All I'm saying is, 10... (read more)

Author: Goran Maksic

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