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Search Results - Cations

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An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. An anion (pronounced /'æna??n/; an-eye-on), from the Greek word ??? (ana), meaning 'up', is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). Conversely, a cation (pronounced /'kæta??n/; cat-eye-on), from the Greek word ?at? (kata), meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons than electrons.

An ion consisting of a single atom is a monatomic ion. If it consists of two or more atoms, it is a polyatomic ion. Polyatomic ions containing oxygen, such as carbonate and sulfate, are called oxyanions. When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its charge is written as a superscript '+' or '-' following a number indicating the difference between the number of protons and the number of electrons. The number is omitted if it is equal to 1. For example, the sodium cation is written as Na+, the '+' indicating that it has one less electron than it has protons. The sulfate anion is written as SO42-, the '2-' indicating that it has two more electrons than it has protons. If an ion contains unpaired electrons, it is called a radical ion. Just like neutral radicals, radical ions are very reactive.

Monatomic ions are formed by the addition of electrons to the valence shell of the atom, or the losing of electrons from this shell. The inner shells of an atom are filled with electrons that are tightly bound to the positively-charged atomic nucleus, and so do not participate in this kind of chemical interaction. The process of gaining or losing electrons from a neutral atom or molecule is called ionization.

Atoms can be ionized by bombardment with radiation, but the more usual process of ionization encountered in chemistry is the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules. This transfer is usually driven by the attaining of stable ("closed shell") electronic configurations. For example, a sodium atom, Na, has a single electron in its valence shell, surrounding a stable, closed inner shell of 10 electrons. Since the 10-electron configuration is very stable, sodium "likes" to lose its extra electron so that it can attain to this stable configuration, becoming the sodium cation in the process

Showing 1 to 3 of 3 Articles matching 'Cations' in related articles.
Pages: 1

1. SEO For Travel-Based Websites
July 06, 2009

Travel websites are highly competitive for these frugal times. Making sure your website is found and closes the deal with consumers is more important than ever before. If you ensure that your website is SEO-friendly and is implementing a quality SEO campaign, then you will ensure your business will make it through the global popularity boom of stay-cations. It is almost officially summertime and it feels like it in Austin. The travel bug has already been biting for weeks now in Volacci’s home base, and I know I can’t help but check out a few travel-based websites to dream of a getaway. Unfort... (read more)

Author: Helen Walker

2. Santa Barbara Vacation Rentals - 10 Things to Consider
August 16, 2008

So you’ve decided to splurge this summer! Good for you! We all need a vacation and sometimes the ‘stay-cations’ everyone is taking these days just don’t cut it when it comes to relaxing and unwinding from the stresses of our everyday lives. Still, let’s be reasonable. We may want a vacation away from home, but how many of us can afford a five-star hotel for a week? Or the cost of three meals a day at fancy resort prices? So is there a happy medium? You might be surprised to learn that you can have that get-away-vacation in a resort town like Santa Barbara and eat your cake, too! How? Che... (read more)

Author: ANDREW WARREN

3. Limescale, a sign of wasted money
February 28, 2008

Limescale is an effect of hard water issues, which are problems with water having high levels of dissolved minerals. Particular one is calcium. Calcium cations are normal and natural elemnts of water chemistry. But when the temperature increases the soluble solids precipitation and becoming insoluble. That is how the scale forms. Generally the limescale is a sort of chalky deposit that you can find in kettles, boilers and any other heating systems. The money problem related with hard water problems is like chain reaction. First sign of it can be fact, that your bills for heat... (read more)

Author: Michal Costaminnego

Pages: 1


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