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Search Results - Communist

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Communism (from French commun = "common"[1]) is a family of economic and political ideas and social movements related to the establishment of an egalitarian, classless and stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general, as well as the name given to such a society.[2][3][4] As an ideology, communism is defined as "the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat".[5] The term "Communism", when spelled with a capital letter C, however, refers to any state or political party that declares allegiance to Marxism-Leninism or a derivative thereof and explicitly identifies itself as Communist, even if that party or state is committed to non-communist economic policies; as is the case with the modern Chinese Communist Party.

Forerunners of communist ideas existed in antiquity and particularly in the 18th and early 19th century France, with thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the more radical Gracchus Babeuf. Radical egalitarianism then emerged as a significant political power in the first half of 19th century in Western Europe. In the world shaped by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution, the newly established political left included many various political and intellectual movements, which are the direct ancestors of today's communism and socialism – these two then newly minted words were almost interchangeable at the time – and of anarchism or anarcho-communism.

The two most influential theoreticians of communism of the 19th century were Germans Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, authors of Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), who also helped to form the first openly communist political organisations and firmly tied communism with the idea of working class revolution conducted by the exploited proletariat (or the working class). Marx posited that communism would be the final stage in human society, which would be achieved after an intermediate stage called socialism, and through the temporary and revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.

Communism in the Marxist sense refers to a classless, stateless, and oppression-free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursue are made directly and democratically, allowing every member of society to participate in the decision-making process in both the political and economic spheres of life. Some "revisionist" Marxists of the following generations, henceforth known as reformists or social democrats, have slowly drifted away from the revolutionary views of Marx, instead arguing for a gradual parliamentary road to socialism; other communists, such as Rosa Luxemburg and Vladimir Lenin, continued to agitate and argue for world revolution.

Showing 1 to 25 of 420 Articles matching 'Communist' in related articles.
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1. Hungarian Wine - An Overview
November 06, 2009

There's a thing about the Hungarians - these days they like to keep their wine to themselves (only a fifth of their wines are exported). Interesting when you consider that under communist rule in the early 1980's Hungary was the principle Central European wine exporter, shipping out over 60% of their wine production (mostly to the USSR and Eastern Germany). These days, Hungary has about 315,000 acres under vine, scattered throughout the country everywhere except the far South East. Since the fall of communism in 1989, considerable investment has come in from the west (notably from Germany, ... (read more)

Author: Pip Martin

2. Young Gain Job Advantage in Post- Communist Societies
November 04, 2009

A red banner with hammer and sickle is seen outside the Polish Embassy in Moscow (File)The symbol of Communism - the hammer and sickle - represents the main tools of physical labor used by industrial and agricultural workers. But the collapse of the Iron Curtain 20 years ago coincided with a decline in heavy industry and the rise of the Internet and knowledge-based companies.  The Gdansk Shipyard, birthplace of the Solidarity Trade Union that led the struggle against Communism in Poland, was a place where thousands of workers could expect a lifetime of employment under the old state-supp... (read more)

3. Post-Communist Tensions Between Civic, Material Values
November 04, 2009

The collapse of the Berlin Wall came as the result of social, political and economic pressures that built up over decades behind the Iron Curtain. Its demise has exposed some glaring material differences in post-Communist societies. Social activists say governments cannot narrow those differences in the absence of civic values among ordinary citizens. The civic spirit made possible a key event leading to the collapse of the Wall, and what became of it since. A piece of the Iron Curtain is seen at the former Sopronpuszta border crossing point, 155 miles west of Budapest, Hungary, 26 Jun 2009... (read more)

4. Berlin Wall Crumbled 20 Years Ago
November 03, 2009

People standing on Berlin Wall preparing to destroy itFor nearly three decades the Berlin Wall was the symbol of the Cold War; it divided a city and in effect the entire country. And then on November 9, 1989 it crumbled and with it Communist East Germany. It was a key event on the path to ending the Cold War. The Brandenburg Gate - one of Berlin's best known landmarks. Once a stately entryway to the then capital of Prussian kings - by the late 1900's it was part of a grim barrier dividing the city.In the aftermath of the Second World War, a new conflict was taking shape. The Cold War pitted... (read more)

5. 20 Years After Fall of Berlin Wall Memories Linger
November 02, 2009

Berlin WallFor nearly three decades the Berlin Wall was the symbol of the Cold War - it divided a city and in effect the entire country. And then on November 9, 1989 it crumbled and with it Communist East Germany and the Cold War itself. On the outskirts of Berlin lies the Glienicke Bridge. It spans the Havel River and connects Berlin to the neighboring city of Potsdam.Its idyllic setting belies a darker history. During the height of the Cold War, it was known as the Bridge of Spies - where communist and western officials exchanged secret agents that had been found out. Walking across th... (read more)

6. Poland's Solidarity Falls Victim to Own Success
November 02, 2009

The collapse of the Berlin Wall ended decades of anti-communist protests by people living in Eastern and Central Europe. Authorities there often used deadly force to put down protests, yet they were unable to stop millions of workers and intellectuals who joined Poland's Solidarity Trade Union from demanding greater personal and political freedoms. What has freedom meant for the shipyard in Gdansk where Solidarity was organized?Poster showing a sheriff walking over the communist party headquarters marks 20th anniversary of Poland's semi-free June 1989 elections that led to the fall of comm... (read more)

7. US Defends Cuba Policy Amid UN Condemnation
October 28, 2009

The Obama administration on Wednesday defended the long-running U.S. economic embargo against Cuba in the face of another overwhelming U.N. General Assembly vote condemning American policy toward the island nation. But administration officials also stressed efforts to reach out to the Cuba's communist government.The Obama administration says it has broken with its predecessors in opening dialogue with Cuba on several fronts. But it also says it does not intend to reward Havana by lifting sanctions until it improves human rights conditions. Cuban FM Bruno Rodriguez speaks at the UN General... (read more)

8. Taiwan President Vows to Seek Eternal Peace With China
October 26, 2009

Taiwan's president has marked the 60th anniversary of a key battle against Chinese Communist forces by vowing to seek eternal peace across the Taiwan Strait.Ma Ying-jeou said Sunday Taiwan will continue dialogue and negotiations with China to try to secure a peace that consigns the killings of previous battles to history.He was speaking at a ceremony on the island of Kinmen honoring veterans of the 1949 battle of Kinmen in which Taiwan Nationalists repulsed an invasion by Chinese Communist forces. The Kinmen island group lies just off the coast of southeastern China's Fujian province.The three... (read more)

9. North Korea Test-Fires 5 Short-Range Missiles
October 12, 2009

A South Korean official says North Korea test-fired five short-range missiles Monday off the east coast of the communist state.The official says North Korea warned vessels to avoid its east coast from October 10 to the 20, an indication that it was planning missile launches. No other details of the missile test were available.North Korea has carried out several short-range missile tests in recent years off its east and west coasts. South Korean officials have interpreted them as routine military exercises.Earlier, South Korea proposed holding talks with North Korea on Wednesday on preventing f... (read more)

10. Vietnam Jails 6 Dissidents
October 09, 2009

A court in Vietnam has sentenced a group of dissidents to up to six years in prison for hanging pro-democracy banners and criticizing the communist government.The alleged leader of the six dissidents - novelist Nguyen Xuan Nghia - received the heaviest sentence of six years' imprisonment for "spreading propaganda against the state."The other five got terms ranging from two to four years for the same charges.The court in the northern city of Haiphong also gave each of the defendants an additional term of three years' house arrest. They were accused of hanging the banners on bridges in the city ... (read more)

11. Afghan War Draws Comparisons to Vietnam
October 08, 2009

US Soldiers in AfghanistanAs the situation in Afghanistan grows more deadly and complex, the Obama administration finds itself confronted with difficult questions over strategy and policy. Comparisons between the Afghan war's bid to defeat the Taliban and the 1960s war to defeat the communist backed insurgency in Vietnam have become frequent, especially regarding the growing U.S. military presence.With 68,000 American troops due in Afghanistan by the end of this year, the current mission in Afghanistan is being increasingly compared to the U.S. involvement decades ago in Vietnam. Anthony Cord... (read more)

12. Chinese Premier Visits North Korea
October 05, 2009

China has pledged to strengthen its friendship with isolated North Korea, as Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao continues a trip to mark the 60th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries.China's Premier Wen Jiabao held talks in Pyongyang Monday with North Korean leaders. He also visited a cemetery for Chinese soldiers killed in the Korean War, when China supported its Communist allies in North Korea.Mr. Wen was shown on Chinese television visiting graves of Chinese war casualties, including Mao Anying, the son of Mao Zedong, the first leader of Communist China.Mr. Wen says all the Chin... (read more)

13. Dissidents Give China Failing Grade on 60th Anniversary of Communist Rule
October 01, 2009

Mao ZedongChina has a lot to celebrate as it marks the 60th anniversary of communist rule. Since the People's Republic was founded in 1949, it has transformed itself from an impoverished, war-torn nation to an economic and diplomatic powerhouse. But when it comes to human rights, the country has far to go, say key Chinese dissidents speaking in Washington.It was dubbed the Campaign of 100 Flowers. The 1950's movement was meant to encourage free expression, and the iconic Mao Zedong was at its head.It sounded promising to Harry Wu, at the time a young geology student. He shared his thoughts... (read more)

14. China Celebrates 60 Years of Achievement Under Communist Rule
October 01, 2009

Tourists on Tiananmen Square pose in front of newly-erected portrait of revered political leader Sun Yat-sen in Tian'anmen Square, 30 Sep 2009China has showcased its military capabilities, as well as its economic and social progress, in a huge parade to mark the 60th anniversary of the Communist state. A troop of young women sang "Happy Birthday" to their homeland, in honor of the 60th anniversary of the day Chairman Mao Zedong declared the founding of modern China from Tiananmen Gate.China's current leader, Hu Jintao, wore what has come to be called a Mao suit. His colleagues, and past leader... (read more)

15. US Concerned About China's Military Modernization
September 29, 2009

PLA’s type-03 long-range rocket guns October 1, 2009 is the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, and the nation's armed forces will take part in a massive program celebrating the Communist Party's takeover in 1949. U.S. officials have carefully watched China's efforts to modernize its military in recent years and are concerned it could pose a threat to America's military power in the Pacific.For more than a decade, China has been rapidly modernizing the People's Liberation Army. And U.S. officials have expressed concern about how Beijing might use its expanding military power.C... (read more)

16. The Push to Learn Chinese in Our Schools
October 02, 2009

Recently, a trend has developed in high schools and communities around the United States. Many people want to or are now learning the Chinese language. This could be a good turn of events, but it can also be problematic. This is particularly so for those who know nothing about Chinese culture, history and the state of affairs in China today. In mainland China they no longer use the traditional Chinese characters that go hand in hand with Chinese history. For some reason, the Chinese Communist Party decided to alter the Chinese language and thereby change the vehicle for written communicat... (read more)

Author: David Sn

17. How The Chinese Communist Party Exerts and Maintains Control
October 02, 2009

The Chinese government is currently a one party system ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. There will never be another party in control under the current system. The people have no options for a governing body. Having one choice is having no choice. When a single group controls the executive, judicial and legislative branches of a government, there are no checks and balances. Without checks and balances, the CCP may act with impunity. As truly courageous lawyers in China have pointed out, the CCP dictates verdicts and rulings to the judiciary. This is not a valid mechanism for just... (read more)

Author: David Sn

18. The Passing of Liu Zhirong
October 02, 2009

Liu Zhirong was a 42-year-old schoolteacher at Tuanjie Elementary School in the Xifeng District of Qingyang City in China. He practiced meditation and aspired to embrace and manifest truthfulness, compassion and tolerance in his daily life. His life was brought to an end prematurely by those who did not have the same lofty ideals to guide them. Zhirong enjoyed the practice of Falun Gong. For more than six years, the Chinese Communist Party has embarked on a campaign to eliminate this peaceful meditation practice and Zhirong was a victim of the CCP's goal. It is claimed that he was to... (read more)

Author: David Sn

19. Nonviolence for Social Change
October 02, 2009

Ghandi and Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated peaceful nonviolence to change ailing social systems. They and their followers were able to successfully change the social conditions of their times. Recently, a lawyer in China named Gao Shizheng has called for symbolic ongoing hunger strikes across China to support people who have encountered violence and ongoing persecution perpetrated by the Chinese Communist Party which currently rules China. For over six years now, since July of 1999, the peaceful Falun Gong practitioners have used nonviolent actions to draw world attention to the ongoing... (read more)

Author: David Sn

20. Is Communism Dead Yet?
October 02, 2009

There are a handful of countries that are still considered communist regimes. Yet communism doesn't really exist. These countries are more like dictatorships with authoritarian type leaders who operate under the very thin veil of non-existent communism. These groups or individual leaders that have near absolute power cause great harm to their country's populace on a continual basis. Do you think there will be people who rejoice the day that Castro is gone or the Chinese Communist Party finally collapses? I think it is likely that there will be millions upon millions who will celebrat... (read more)

Author: David Sn

21. The CCP Likes to Destroy From Within
October 02, 2009

This is one of the tactics of the Chinese Communist Party. They specialize in infiltrating organizations, perverting their doctrines and justifying communist / socialist ideals, such as despotism, as if they were good and 'natural'. If one were to have any doubts about the truth of this matter, he would need only to read the Nine Commentaries on the Chinese Communist Party which can be found in their entirety at the NineCommentaries.com website. The Nine Commentaries detail the bloody history of the Chinese Communist Party, including their use of the most heinous tactics to secure and kee... (read more)

Author: David Sn

22. Olympic Spirit Shattered by Chinese Official's Remarks
October 02, 2009

At an official Olympic Torch ceremony, one of China's leaders, while referring to Tibet said, "We can definitely smash the separatist plot of the Dalai Lama clique completely." Hardly in the spirit of uniting humanity for the Olympics, he probably feels that he did nothing wrong. After all, the communist party in China always gets its way, doesn't it? This official was undoubtedly experiencing a self-righteous moment. Sixty years of documented history recounts the CCP's (Chinese Communist Party's) brutal rule over China. By crook or by hook, the CCP will carry the day. Or rather, they wil... (read more)

Author: David Sn

23. China Celebrates 60th Anniversary of Modern State's Founding
September 28, 2009

Chinese performers dance along newly rebuilt Qianmen shopping street after official opening, ahead of 60th anniversary in Beijing, 28 Sep 2009As China marks the 60th anniversary of the communist state on October 1, it celebrates the realization of some significant goals, such as improved living standards for many of the country's more than one billion people. But challenges remain, such as the Chinese Communists' early vision of democracy.  China has reason to celebrate. The country still basks in the glow of last year's successful Olympic Games. And, in a global economic slump, China rem... (read more)

24. What a Communist Wants
September 17, 2009

What a Communist Wants – They want power. That’s it when they take control. Name one communist country where the people have any freedoms. Name one where the people benefited. Name one without downtrodden, starving people. Name one that does not run like a dictatorship. Name one where there is an equal distribution of the wealth. Why Power – Obama needs to get control or he is gone. He welcomes crisis. This gives him an opportunity to gain more control. The more problems the better for him. Look what he did to the auto manufacturers. Then he got the banks and financial institutions. Now c... (read more)

Author: Aurelia Masterson

25. The Push to Learn Chinese in Our Schools
September 16, 2009

Recently, a trend has developed in high schools and communities around the United States. Many people want to or are now learning the Chinese language. This could be a good turn of events, but it can also be problematic. This is particularly so for those who know nothing about Chinese culture, history and the state of affairs in China today. In mainland China they no longer use the traditional Chinese characters that go hand in hand with Chinese history. For some reason, the Chinese Communist Party decided to alter the Chinese language and thereby change the vehicle for written communicat... (read more)

Author: Delete This Account

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