The
Comoros (pronounced
/'k?m?ro?z/,
listen&_160;
(help·info);
Arabic ??? ??????,
Juzur al-Qumur), officially the
Union of the Comoros (
French Union des Comores,
Arabic ???????? ????????,
Al-Itti?ad al-Qumuriyy) is an island nation in the
Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa on the northern end of the
Mozambique Channel between northern
Madagascar and northeastern
Mozambique. The nearest countries to the Comoros are Mozambique,
Tanzania, Madagascar, and the
Seychelles. At 2,235&_160;km² (863&_160;sq&_160;mi)
[2] the Comoros is the third smallest African nation by area; and with a population estimated at 798,000 it is the sixth smallest African nation by population (though it has one of the highest population densities in Africa), and is the southern most member state of the
Arab League. Its name derives from the Arabic word
qamar ("moon").
[3]The country officially consists of the four islands in the volcanic Comoros archipelago Ngazidja (French Grande Comore), Mwali (French Mohéli), Nzwani (French Anjouan), and Mahoré (French Mayotte), as well as many smaller islands.[4][5] However, the government of the Union of the Comoros (or its predecessors since independence) has never administered the island of Mayotte, which France considers an overseas community and still administers. Since Mayotte was the only island in the archipelago that voted against independence from France, and France has vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions that would affirm Comorian sovereignty over the island,[6][7] control was never passed to the Comoros.
The archipelago is notable for its diverse culture and history, as a nation formed at the crossroads of many civilizations. Though in the contested island of Mayotte the sole official language is French, the "Union of the Comoros" has three official languages Comorian (Shikomor), Arabic and French.
The "Union of the Comoros" is the only state to be a member of each of the African Union, Francophonie, Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Arab League, and Indian Ocean Commission, among other international organizations. However, it has had a troubled history since independence in 1975, marked by an inordinate number of coups d'état.
