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Estonia [?s't??ni?] (help·info) (Estonian Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian Eesti Vabariik), is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343&_160;km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338.6&_160;km).^[8] The territory of Estonia covers 45,227&_160;km² (17,462&_160;sq&_160;mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.

The Estonians are a Finnic people, with the Estonian language exhibiting many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. 98 CE) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland, close to the Danish, German, Dutch, Swedish and Norwegian term Estland for the country. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Esthonia was a common alternate English spelling prior to independence.^[9]

Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic and is divided into fifteen counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of only 1.4 million, Estonia is one of the least-populous members of the European Union. Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921,^[10] has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991,^[11] of the European Union since 1 May 2004^[12] and of NATO since 29 March 2004.^[13] Estonia has also signed the Kyoto protocol.

The settlement of modern day Estonia began around 8500 BC, immediately after the Ice Age. Over the centuries, the Estonians were subjected to Danish, Teutonic, Swedish and Russian rule. Foreign rule in Estonia began in 1227. In the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade the area was conquered by Danes and Germans. From 1228–1562, parts or most of Estonia were incorporated into a crusader state Terra Mariana, that became part of the Ordensstaat, and after its decline was formed the Livonian Confederation. During the era economic activities centered around the Hanseatic League. In the 1500s Estonia passed to Swedish rule, under which it remained until 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire. The Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840) led to a national awakening in the mid-19th century. In 1918 the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued, to be followed by the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920), which resulted in the Tartu Peace Treaty recognizing Estonian independence in perpetuity. During World War II, Estonia was occupied and annexed first by the Soviet Union^[14][15][16] and subsequently by the Third Reich, only to be re-occupied by the Soviet Union in 1944.

Showing 1 to 25 of 45 Articles matching 'Estonia' in related articles.

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1. The History of Making a Cell Telephone October 26, 2009 Mobile phone is the most prevalent modern discovery amid consumers around the world. But nobody can say you for sure, who is the discoverer of the chief mobile phone. The first cell phone was invented in the midst of twentieth century by big communication firm. The earliest company which suggested to invent a mobile telephone was AT&T (the corporation that also offers phone cards prepaid in Estonia), or rather Bell Laboratories. It was really brave notion for 1947, but the creators limited themselves initially to the notion of telephone appointed exclusively for placing in a vehicles. They ... (read more) Author: Robert Owen

2. Travel Estonia - A Guide to Top Estonia Attractions October 08, 2009 Estonia is the smallest of the Baltic countries. Still, the country offers spectacular scenery, particularly magnificent castles, a picturesque countryside and charming seaside town. The best Estonia attractions, though, are its natural wonders, which make Estonia one of the best travel destinations for nature lovers.Lahemaa National Park - This park located in North Estonia covers an area of over 70,000 hectares, which makes it the country's largest national park as well as one of the most popular natural attractions in Estonia. While there, you can take a hike on one of its nature trails so ... (read more) Author: Ethan Sims

3. Enjoy history and nature on a tour of the Baltic September 18, 2009 Baltic tours can offer the perfect way of seeing some of the most interesting countries in eastern Europe. This week we continue our journey through the region from the Lithuanian city of Klaipeda. Klaipeda has much to see as it used to be part of Germany and has a history stretching back several centuries. It has an Old Town characterised by cobbled, narrow streets and sights such as Theatre Square and the Aennchen von Tharau Fountain. Samogitia National Park is one of the main highlights of a trip to this part of Lithuania, thanks to its beautiful scenery and scope for walkin... (read more) Author: Dipika Patel

4. World Cup Qualifiers- Spain Crushed Belgium 5-0 September 10, 2009 Moving closer to obtaining a place in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, Spain was able to expand its lead in Europe’s Group 5 after crushing Belgium 5-0 this Saturday in La Coruña, Spain. Even though the team has won all seven games of the qualifiers, however, it still has not qualified for the FIFA World Cup, a fact that astounds the Spanish players. Spain’s first chance at qualifying comes this Wednesday; if the team can beat Estonia in Meridia and Bosnia-Herzegovina fails to beat Turkey, Spain will seal its place in South Africa next year. From the beginning of the match, Spain enter... (read more) Author: Ally White

5. Queensland Saunas July 21, 2009 The first recorded use of saunas is generally traced back to the region that is currently encompassed by Estonia. Sauna baths have an important place in the everyday cultural life of individuals who live in this area, even today. However, the concept of sauna baths has now spread far and wide and saunas are now used for therapeutic and remedial purposes across the world. Saunas usually work in one of two ways, either by heating the air or by heating objects that retain and give off heat. Air heating saunas are also known as infrared saunas, whereas object heating saunas are known as tradi... (read more) Author: Kobe Taylor

6. Working Holiday Visa: Forging Strong Cultural Ties June 16, 2009 There are currently two Australian visa types that allow you to have a working holiday visa. The Working Holiday and the Work and Holiday programs allow young people to have an extended holiday while holding short-term employment. More of a cultural exchange program, it aims to create stronger ties between two countries that take part in this program. The Working Holiday Visa Subclass 417 is available for residents from Hong Kong, Belgium, Denmark Canada, Estonia, Republic of Cyprus, Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Taiwan France, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Malta, Norway, Sweden,... (read more) Author: Brian Haines

7. Where can I travel in Estonia? June 03, 2009 Although she is the smallest of the Baltic countries, Estonia makes her presence felt in the region with her lovely seaside towns, quaint country villages, verdant forests and marshlands, all of which set the scene for discovering many cultural and natural gems. This is where most tourists are taking a holiday. Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland where Estonian is the official language. The best time to travel to Estonia is during April and May when the spring weather is pleasant and welcoming. The summer mont... (read more) Author: Amar Shah

8. Seavus Group announces Partnership with leading Russian EPM consulting company April 30, 2009 Seavus Group is proud to announce a Reseller Partnership with leading Russian EPM consulting company, Bogdanov & Associates. Bogdanov & Associates is appointed as an exclusive Seavus reseller for Print for Project Web Access – an add-on for Microsoft® Project Web Access that allows users to print project plans, with the same visual style as Microsoft® Project. The Russian company will now have the exclusive right to market and distribute Print for Project Web Access, covering Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Seavus Group is proud to announce a Reseller ... (read more) Author: Biljana Trimcevska

9. Value Luxury Hotels in Tallinn December 04, 2008 Tallinn is one of the oldest cities of Estonia. Tallinn, Estonia was under the German rule and was called Reval. Then later after Estonia got its independence in 1920 the spelling of the city Tallinna was changed to Tallinn. This city was found about 5000 years ago and has a lot of history embedded in it. Tallinn is a beautiful holiday spot and the region is filled with places to explore and fascinate about. Tallinn looks like a fairy tale with its high towers and castle like structures. There are several luxurious hotels which make the stay even more enjoyable. Some of the places that mu... (read more) Author: sam tilston

10. Value Luxury Hotels in Tallinn December 02, 2008 Tallinn is one of the oldest cities of Estonia. Tallinn, Estonia was under the German rule and was called Reval. Then later after Estonia got its independence in 1920 the spelling of the city Tallinna was changed to Tallinn. This city was found about 5000 years ago and has a lot of history embedded in it. Tallinn is a beautiful holiday spot and the region is filled with places to explore and fascinate about. Tallinn looks like a fairy tale with its high towers and castle like structures. There are several luxurious hotels which make the stay even more enjoyable. Some of the places that mu... (read more) Author: sanket patel

11. Giant laser harp to enchant Lisbon September 08, 2008 A giant harp, with laser beams for strings, will take pride of place at Terreiro do Paço, Lisbon, from November 8th to January 11th, as part of the ‘Luzboa’ arts festival. “The city will receive over 40 examples of festive lights from France, Spain, Portugal, Estonia and Italy which will be on display in four areas: Bica, Alfama, Rua do Alecrim and Baixa” said Ana Fernandes, from Realizar, the company organising the initiative. ‘Luzboa’ is intended to be a street project, inviting people to leave their homes to appreciate pieces that can only be properly appreciated at night on the s... (read more) Author: Shane Ennerson

12. France to Open Labor Market to 8 Eastern European Countries May 28, 2008 France says it will soon lift restrictions on workers from eight formerly communist countries that joined the European Union in 2004. President Nicolas Sarkozy announced the upcoming move Wednesday at a news conference in Warsaw with Polish President Lech Kaczynski. Poland is one of the countries set to benefit from the French move. After the European alliance was enlarged, citizens from the East European members - in addition to Poland, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and Slovakia - did not have unrestricted access to jobs in France and some other Western n... (read more)

13. Estonia Opens Trial of Ex-Soviet Officer Charged with Genocide May 20, 2008 A cousin of a former president of Estonia has gone on trial on genocide charges in connection with the deaths of dozens of people deported from Estonia to Soviet prison camps in 1949. Defendant Arnold Meri was a highly-decorated Soviet soldier and the cousin of former President Lennart Meri.  The 88-year-old defendant was charged last year with a role in the Stalinist deportation of 251 Estonians from a small island on the country's Baltic Sea coast.  Meri denies the charges, which say 43 of the deportees died in Siberian labor and concentration camps. Shortly after the trial began ... (read more)

14. Budget Guide to the Baltic May 20, 2008 The three ex-Soviet Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have become fashionable tourist hostspots in recent years. This is mainly because, with their well-preserved architecture, friendly locals and cheap prices, the nations' three capital cities provide a uniquely attractive environment for the hostel booker. Talinn Estonia's capital, Talinn, lies on the country's north coast - directly on the Baltic Sea. Established in 1219, the city developed as a seaport over the centuries - and was famed for its beauty. However, along with its Baltic neighbours, all foreign travel was... (read more) Author: jon cooper

15. Latvia, Estonia Sign Deals with US on Visa-Free Travel March 12, 2008 The United States has signed agreements with Latvia and Estonia that will allow the Baltic countries to join a U.S. visa waiver program later this year. In Estonia, Interior Minister Juri Pihl and U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff signed the deal Wednesday, which requires law enforcement agencies in both countries to share passenger data. Chertoff and Latvia's Foreign Minister Maris Riekstins singed a similar pact later in the day in the Latvian capital, Riga. Fifteen member-countries of the European Union currently share travel information with Washington under the waiver pro... (read more)

16. Henin Wins, Gasquet Out at Sydney Tennis January 09, 2008 World No. 1 women's tennis player Justine Henin of Belgium and Ana Ivanovic of Serbia have advanced to the semifinals of the Sydney International hard court tennis tournament in Australia. Henin, the top seed, scored a 6-2, 6-love win over Kaia Kanepi of Estonia. Ivanovic had a tougher time, needing three sets to get past Katarina Srebotnik of Slovenia, 6-3, 3-6, 6-2. The semifinal is a rematch of last year's French Open final, which Henin won to capture the title. The other women's semifinal has 2nd seed Svetlana Kuznetsova of Russia taking on Nicole Vaidisova of the Cze... (read more)

17. Donors Pledge Record $25 Billion for World Bank Poverty Programs December 14, 2007 Donor nations have pledged a record $25 billion to help fight poverty in the world's poorest nations, which are home to two and a half billion people. The new donations boost the bank's International Development Association's budget to more than $41 billion over the next three years. A total of 45 nations pledged donations, including six new countries -- China, Cyprus, Egypt, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Egypt and China were once recipients of World Bank aid. The International Development Association is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world's poorest countries. The money add... (read more)

18. Estonia is First Developing Country To Reach Top Ten in Economic Freedom November 10, 2007 Washington's non-government Cato Institute Friday released its annual report on economic freedom, in which it uses several indicators to rank 141 global economies. VOA's Barry Wood reports the surprise in this year's report is the accession of a former communist economy, Estonia, to number eight position. As in previous annual surveys, economic freedom is highest in Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United States and Britain. But report author James Gwartney, an economics professor at Florida State University, says Estonia's extraordinary progress vaulted it into the top ten... (read more)

19. 10 reasons for investing in Romania October 07, 2007 If you are still wondering- does is pay to come and invest in Romania, we have collected some of the best reasons to come and invest in the land of opportunities. 1. The economy becomes stronger and stronger The statistics is showing that Romania has the most fast growing economy in the EU after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. After the major changes Romania has been through starting the 90’ with the big achievement in 2007- entering to the European Union, Romania kept getting stronger and stronger 2. Fast growing GDP GDP (purchasing power parity) has reached US$$197.3. It is g... (read more) Author: Julia North

20. Golfing Holidays In Europe October 03, 2007 You aren’t wrong, if you title Europe as the ‘Golf Continent’. Golf is believed to be originated in Scotland in Western Europe, in 1100s. The game now rules the entire Europe. There are over four thousand golf courses on the continent. Europe certainly is a heaven for golfers. Europe is a fantastic place for golfing. Every country in Europe is a wonderful destination for your golfing holidays. Surely, you can find plenty of golf and golf courses in Europe. If you are planning for your golfing holidays in Europe, here are some of the top golf destinations & top rated golf courses in Europ... (read more) Author: Orson Johnson

21. Asia-Pacific leads house price boom October 03, 2007 Europe’s house price growth continues to moderate, whereas prices in Asia-Pacific are heating up, according to indices assembled by the Global Property Guide (www.globalpropertyguide.com) based on country sources, for the second quarter (Q2) of 2007. House prices in the Baltics skyrocketed in 2005 and 2006. Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia experienced at least 25% annual increases during 2005-2006. House price growth peaked at 71% y-o-y to Q1 2006 in Estonia. Despite the slowing of house prices in the Baltics in Q2 2007, over the past year the Baltic countries were still among the top f... (read more) Author: Global Property Guide

22. Estonia Refuses Survey for Russian-German Pipeline September 20, 2007 Estonia has refused permission for a geological survey in its territorial waters for a proposed gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea. But VOA Moscow correspondent Peter Fedynsky says the Russian-German project will likely proceed with an alternate route. Estonia says issues of sovereignty and national interest were behind a government decision to deny permission for a geological survey in the country's territorial waters for a gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea. Nord Stream, a Russian-German consortium, applied on May 31 for permission to conduct the study. Nord Stream hopes to open a 1,200-kilom... (read more)

23. Travel to Tallinn, Estonia. September 20, 2007 Things to do and see in Tallinn, Estonia. Estonia is a lowland country situated in North Eastern Europe. It borders on the Baltic Sea, and the gulf of Finland in the north, Latvia to the south and Russia in the east. Estonia has a flat, unharmed landscape with more than one thousand lakes and has over seven thousand rivers and streams. Nearly half of its landscape is covered by woodland and forest. For someone who enjoys skating or ice fishing, Estonia in the winter can be a great place to visit. Its winters can get very cold, but thanks to the North Atlantic Gulf Stream the ... (read more) Author: TJ Tierney

24. Global housing boom shifts focus August 14, 2007 Eurozone slows, but Asia-Pacific house prices surge The global house price boom continues in 2007, albeit at a much slower pace and with different set of countries, according to the online research house, the Global Property Guide (http://www.globalpropertyguide.com). A dramatic slowdown has taken place in several countries in Europe. House prices in Estonia, 2005 and 2006’s star performer, rose only 5.68% y-o-y to Q1 2007, dramatically lower than the 77.52% y-o-y increase to Q1 2006. Higher interest rates and an overheating market were the main causes of the slowdown. The key int... (read more) Author: Global Property Guide

25. Advice on buying Estonia Property July 25, 2007 Buying property in Estonia is a relatively straightforward and safe procedure. The wheels of the bureaucratic machine move fairly efficiently, meaning that you could have title transferred in as little as four weeks. Foreigners were known to have paid higher prices in the early 1990s, but the market has matured. Foreigners are developing many properties in Estonia now. This combined with the closing gap between foreign and local salaries mean that far fewer people, foreign or local, are being taken advantage of. Most agents meet certain standards within real estate protocol and foreigners ... (read more) Author: John Everitt

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