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Search Results - Fermentation (wine)

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The process of fermentation in wine is the catalyst function that turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation yeast interact with sugars in the juice to create ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol, and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking the temperature and speed of fermentation is an important consideration as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at the start of the fermentation. The risk of stuck fermentation and the development of several wine faults can also occur during this stage which can last anywhere from 5 to 14 days for primary fermentation and potentially another 5 to 10 days for a secondary fermentation. Fermentation may be done in stainless steel tanks, which is common with many white wines like Riesling, in an open wooden vat, inside a wine barrel and inside the wine bottle itself as in the production of many sparkling wines.[1][2]

The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans.[3] The earliest uses of the word "Fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide. The Latin fervere means, literally, to boil. In the mid-19th century, Louis Pasteur noted the connection between yeast and the process of the fermentation in which the yeast act as catalyst and mediator through a series of a reaction that convert sugar into alcohol. The discovery of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway by Gustav Embden, Otto Fritz Meyerhof and Jakub Karol Parnas in the early 20th century contributed more to the understanding of the complex chemical processes involved the conversion of sugar to alcohol.[4]

In winemaking there are distinctions made between ambient yeasts which are naturally present in wine cellars, vineyards and on the grapes themselves (sometimes known as a grape's "bloom" or "blush") and cultured yeast which are specifically isolated and inoculated for use in winemaking. The most common genera of wild yeasts found in winemaking include Candida, Klöckera/Hanseniaspora, Metschnikowiaceae, Pichia and Zygosaccharomyces. Wild yeasts can produce high-quality, unique-flavored wines; however, they are often unpredictable and may introduce less desirable traits to the wine, and can even contribute to spoilage. Traditional wine makers, particularly in Europe, advocate use of ambient yeast as a characteristic of the region's terroir; nevertheless, many winemakers prefer to control fermentation with predictable cultured yeast. The cultured yeasts most commonly used in winemaking belong to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (also known as "sugar yeast") species. Within this species are several hundred different strains of yeast that be used during fermentation to affect the heat or vigor of the process and enhance or suppress certain flavor characteristics of the varietal. The use of different strains of yeasts are a major contributor to the diversity of wine, even among the same grape variety.[5]

The addition of cultured yeast normally occurs with the yeast first in a dried or "inactive" state and is reactivated in warm water or diluted grape juice prior to being added to the must. To thrive and be active in fermentation, the yeast needs access to a continuous supply of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus as well as access to various vitamins and minerals. These components are naturally present in the grape must but their amount may be corrected by adding nutrient packets to the wine, in order to foster a more encouraging environment for the yeast. Oxygen is needed as well but in wine making the risk of oxidation and the lack of alcohol production from oxygenated yeast requires the exposure of oxygen to be kept at a minimum.[6]

Showing 1 to 25 of 29 Articles matching 'Fermentation (wine)' in related articles.
Pages: 1 | 2 | Next >>

1. Traditional Wine Making Instructions Using Grape Fermentation.
November 01, 2009

The wine making process is quite a long one and can be very difficult if you do not know exactly what you are doing. The grapes for your wine must undergo a series of processes before the wine is ready do store and drink. Depending on the type of wine you are making this process can take longer or not. Here are the processes for wine making in detail: Growing and harvesting your wine grapes: naturally wine grapes are grown in the outdoors on a vine. Good quality wine grapes are classed by their level in sugar, the higher the sugar level, the better the grape and therefore ... (read more)

Author: Stan Spencer

2. Understanding each of the different components of wine
October 27, 2009

Although millions of people across the globe enjoy wine, very few of them know exactly what it is about a particular wine that they enjoy. By understanding each of the different components of wine, you can quickly establish the parts you prefer, and therefore choose your next bottle with more confidence. Sugar Sweeter wines have more sugar than dry wines. During the fermentation process a lot of the natural fruit sugar is fermented. However, in some wines, residual (remaining) sugar may be higher and therefore a sweeter wine is produced. Alcohol Most people know that one of... (read more)

Author: synergist technologies

3. Wine for Health
October 26, 2009

Wines that have sugar in them and tastes sweet are called sweet wines. Sweet wines are prepared from different types of grapes from different methods and are found in different regions. One type of sweet wine is Sweet Red Wine. Sweet red wine is found in many wine producing countries of the world. These wines are served after dinner as dessert. They can be also paired with cheeses like Port and Stilton. Different types of sweet red wine are discussed below. • Fortified wines: When grapes are fermented close to dryness, there is no sugar in them. If you halt the fermentation of sugar, it ret... (read more)

Author: roy sain

4. Different Kinds of White Wine
October 22, 2009

Wine is one of the most important beverages in the world today. It has a big role in celebrations, important events, ceremonies, rituals and other everyday sessions. Most wines are made out of grape juice that is being fermented. After fermentation, the resulting wine is clear in color. This clear wine is called white wine. There are several kinds of white wines. In America, the most well loved and fastest selling white wine is Chardonnay. Chardonnay grape is also a major contributor to the wine’s popularity. Chardonnay grape is low maintenance and can grow on almost any climate. Thi... (read more)

Author: Corrie Duana

5. Kojic acid
October 16, 2009

Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacturing of sake, the Japanese rice wine. There is convincing research—both in vitro (in a test tube) and in vivo (on a live subject)—showing kojic acid to be effective for inhibiting melanin production (Source: Archives of Pharmacal Research, August 2001, pages 307-311). Glycolic or kojic acid , or glycolic acid with hydroquinone, are highly effective in reducing the pigment in melasma patients (Source: Dermatological Surgery, May, 1996 pages 443-447). So why aren't there more products ava... (read more)

Author: Ricardo Liu

6. Wine is Made
October 16, 2009

The first stage in the wine making process is to crush the grapes. In days gone by the grapes would be loaded into a large vat and the wine maker would gently tread on them to break the grapes skins to release the juice. Nowadays this procedure is almost invariably carried out using a machine called unsurprisingly a crusher. In the case of white wines after crushing the juice is separated immediately from the pulp of skins and stalks and fermentation commences. When making red and rose wines the juice is allowed to remain in contact with the crushed pulp for a while to add co... (read more)

Author: saurab jain

7. Vintage wines for passionate wine tasters and not only!
October 08, 2009

Vintage wines are made from grapes grown in a certain year and they are labeled as such. Many countries allow a little part of the grape quantity for vintage wine to not be from the labeled year, but not more than five percent, for example, in the United States. There is a special wine which is made only from grapes of a declared vintage year, also known as Port wine. This unique wine is a Portuguese wine and is fortified with distilled grapes spirits (similar to Brandy) to halt the fermentation and keep the rest of sugar in wine. This is the reason why vintage ports are much sweeter than othe... (read more)

Author: Alice Brooks

8. Rice Wine, Barley Wine and Pinot Noir
October 05, 2009

Rice wine is a wine famously known as sake. This is a Japanese alcoholic beverage. Rice wine is made by fermenting naturally sweet grapes, in addition to other fruits. Rice starch is fermented to make rice wine. The fermentation turns the rice starch into sugars. This process is very similar to the process used to make beer except a mashing process takes place. There are many different types of rice wine. These types include Tuak from Malaysia, Raksi from Tibet, Lihing from Sabah, and much more. Korea also makes an unfiltered rice wine that is known as snake wine. Barley Wine Ba... (read more)

Author: David Sn

9. Chardonnay and Merlot Wines
October 05, 2009

Chardonnay is a white wine made from a green skinned variety of grapes. The flavors associated with a Chardonnay are terroir and oak. It is considered to be a neutral wine, light in flavor. Many of the places around the world known for producing Chardonnay include France, Burgundy, Champagne, North America, California, Australia, Italy, and the New World Wine Regions. There are many types of Chardonnay from dry still wines and sweet late harvest wines. If a Chardonnay has not gone through a malolactic fermentation the wine will have an apple flavor. The harder the malic acid is when it is... (read more)

Author: David Sn

10. Rice Wine, Barley Wine and Pinot Noir
September 21, 2009

Rice wine is a wine famously known as sake. This is a Japanese alcoholic beverage. Rice wine is made by fermenting naturally sweet grapes, in addition to other fruits. Rice starch is fermented to make rice wine. The fermentation turns the rice starch into sugars. This process is very similar to the process used to make beer except a mashing process takes place. There are many different types of rice wine. These types include Tuak from Malaysia, Raksi from Tibet, Lihing from Sabah, and much more. Korea also makes an unfiltered rice wine that is known as snake wine. Barley Wine Ba... (read more)

Author: Delete This Account

11. Chardonnay and Merlot Wines
September 21, 2009

Chardonnay is a white wine made from a green skinned variety of grapes. The flavors associated with a Chardonnay are terroir and oak. It is considered to be a neutral wine, light in flavor. Many of the places around the world known for producing Chardonnay include France, Burgundy, Champagne, North America, California, Australia, Italy, and the New World Wine Regions. There are many types of Chardonnay from dry still wines and sweet late harvest wines. If a Chardonnay has not gone through a malolactic fermentation the wine will have an apple flavor. The harder the malic acid is when it is... (read more)

Author: Delete This Account

12. Key wine terms - an overview
September 21, 2009

Wine writers, critics and experts have long had their own vocabulary when it comes to describing wine and its attributes, yet some of the best known terms often confuse the drinking public. The below is not in any way a complete list, but covers many of the main bases: ASSEMBLAGE - the creation of a blend. AUTOLYSIS - the chemical reactions that occur in wine when it spends time on its dead yeast cells (after fermentation). BIODYNAMIC - a form of winemaking involving organic principles and cosmic and lunar cycles, inspired by Rudolf Steiner. BODY - the weight of wine in the mouth, caus... (read more)

Author: Pip Martin

13. Basic Steps for Making Wine
September 10, 2009

Essential steps for wine making is summarized below: Extract aroma and taste from base wine making equipment by crushing, chopping, boiling, pressing, or else soaking them. Then add acid, sugar, nutrients as well as yeast to fermentation media and liquor to attain the proper ferment and ration, covered, for three to ten days in primary fermentation vessel (jar, crock, or polyethylene pail) at 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Strain off liquid from a pulp, and put it in to secondary fermentation wine making equipment (carboy or else jug), fit the fermentation trap (air lock) on mouth... (read more)

Author: Benjamen Frenklin

14. How To Taste Wine!
August 26, 2009

Wine tasting is simply a process applied to distinguish the taste of fine wines. One must be able to note the differences between different types of wines and for expert tasters, also the differences between the vintages of the same class of wine. Sometimes the tasting is called wine de gustation. The most important part of any tasting is the 'what and How'. The what, refers to what you're looking for, the brand and type. While the how determines origin and fermentation process. The first thing to do in any wine tasting is to look. Always start by pouring the wine into a clean clear glass... (read more)

Author: Rudresh Thaker

15. Enjoying Wine Without Intimidation
August 13, 2009

Drinking wine has been a great joy throughout much of the history of modern man. While the cavemen weren’t stomping grapes, it wasn’t long after that period that the joys of fermentation were discovered. Drinking wine today should be a joy as well, not something that is intimidating. We’ve all experienced that moment. We are with other people who clearly take their wine consumption a bit more than perhaps they should. They prattle on and on about the aromas, strengths and weaknesses of the wine in question. This is okay at a tasting event, but can be intimidating to say the least at a din... (read more)

Author: Thomas Ajava

16. Further Developments in the Use of Yeso
August 04, 2009

The formula developed for the chemical reaction of yeso and wine is that the potassium hydrogen tartrate (or cream of tartar) in the must is converted into a harmless salt and two important organic compounds-calcium tartrate and tartaric acid. The former is insoluble and falls into the lees of the wine, helping the clarification, while the latter augments the acidity of the must and helps fermentation. Growers in some wine districts specializing in Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Riesling have for years been adding pure tartaric acid to the must as a matter of course, instead of using plast... (read more)

Author: Allison Ryan

17. The History of Riesling Wine
July 21, 2009

When people hear the word Riesling, they picture a German white wine. While that is factual, it is also incorrect to envision Riesling in such a narrow way. Riesling is a specific grape varietal that is used to bear Riesling wines. Germany was the lead to make a market for these wines going back to the 15th century. To be totally accurate, they make many different variations of the same varietal. Each style is based on the level of residual sugar left in the wine when fermentation is complete. To the one acquiring this marks the contrast between dry, semi-dry, and sweet tasting Riesling ... (read more)

Author: Rodney Gray

18. Explore the fizzy sparkling wines
July 03, 2009

Sparkling wines and champagnes are exciting drinks to explore; particularly the fizz formed due to high concentration of carbon dioxide makes them popular and very exciting to explore in the wine tasting events in Napa valley, California and France. Sparkling wines are fizzy due to the presence of carbon dioxide that is either injected or forms by the natural fermentation process. One of the most popular sparkling wine is champagne, however in some parts of the globe champagne or spumante are used synonymously for sparkling wines. As said earlier the people have wonderful experience in explo... (read more)

Author: winecountry shuttle

19. Grape Planting Made Easy.
June 29, 2009

Grape PlantingIf you are looking to achieve a great tasting wine (which I'm sure you are), you need to first select a quality grape to grow in your grapevine. Good grape planting is the path to great wine making.Just like in real estate, grape quality mainly abides by one factor: Location, location, location! Location, Location, Location!In order to achieve a sweet, small fruit that is suitable for wine making and fermentation; it's urgent to find the best spot possible in your growing area to plant your first grapevines. The prime spot needs to receive high sunlight exposure in order to devel... (read more)

Author: Pierre Dupponte

20. The Role of Yeast in the Fermentation Process
June 14, 2009

An efficiency expert from England touring a bodega in Jerez was horrified at seeing so much wine being matured in old-fashioned oak butts, and required to know why it was not kept in concrete vats with some oak shavings thrown in to give the right flavor. There was at least some sense in the inquiry. Vats are invariably used for blending large quantities of sherry and also for storing the coarser wines over short periods, but they are not satisfactory for maturing high quality wines. One obvious reason for using oak casks is the fact that they must be properly seasoned before they can be... (read more)

Author: Allison Ryan

21. Fermented Foods
April 20, 2009

When we think of the word "fermentation" the first thing that usually pops into mind are images of beer and wine. However, fermented nutrients are also important for good health. Fermentation has been an important part of food preparation for centuries and numerous medical and scientific studies are confirming what folklore has always known. Fermented foods can help us stay healthy. Fermented foods are traditionally consumed by many societies throughout the world. A standard condiment in Japan is pickled ginger while kimchi, miso, tempeh and natto are consumed in East Asia. Eur... (read more)

Author: Joanne Jacksonn

22. Wine: The Older It Gets, The Better It Tastes
April 17, 2009

Processed through fermentation of original grape juice, wines are alcoholic beverages that are usually named after a fruit. Terminologically, the word is relatively used. They can be a term for alcohol content or a name for a wine production process. Commercially, this English word is derived from the Latin winam that means grape or wine. The most primitive evidence proposing wine productions roots from Iran and Georgian’s archaeological sites during 5000 BC. This proof became clearer when the BC third millennium hit. It was 6,500 years ago when the oldest recognized verification in Eur... (read more)

Author: Corrie Duana

23. The Steps To Making A Fine Wine For Your Enjoyment
April 14, 2009

Wine Making: The Steps It Takes Making wine is something that you can and should be doing. If you enjoy wines you’ll enjoy making them yourself. Accomplishing this process is one that will please anyone who has a bit of creative energy and anyone that wants to really experience the process. The first step of making wine is to get the flavor of the fruit from within the fruit into your wine. You can use grapes or many other types of fruit, depending on what you would like the wine to taste like. To extract the flavor, most commonly, the fruit is pressed. Most fruits, besides that of a... (read more)

Author: Stenno Chau

24. How to Make wine
April 08, 2009

So, you'll find tip about the fruit selection, the processing, the fermentation, clarification and finally the storage. Everybody referenceshow to choose and drink a good wine, all the references about origin and quality ... etc. But few of this "Experts" really understand how to produce a good one, I mean; they do not know which is a fermentation process, how can I optimize the alcohol production, which are the best techniques to clarify the final wine, the property bottle and storage during the maturation and etcetera. By centuries many people around the world have perfec... (read more)

Author: Carlos Ocampo

25. How to Make Homemade wine
April 07, 2009

This Articlewas made for non-experts in wine Production. We expect you made the best wine, by using simple and effective tips. We use to say this: "Everybody can do it at home". So, you'll find tip about the fruit selection, the processing, the fermentation, clarification and finally the storage. Everybody referenceshow to choose and drink a good wine, all the references about origin and quality ... etc. But few of this "Experts" really understand how to produce a good one, I mean; they do not know which is a fermentation process, how can I optimize the alcohol productio... (read more)

Author: Carlos Ocampo

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