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The Philippine Republic (Spanish República Filipina), more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic (to distinguish it form the present-day Republic of the Philippines) or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent government in the Philippines. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899 in Malolos, Bulacan until the capture and surrender of Emilio Aguinaldo to the American forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic.
The establishment of the Philippine Republic was the culmination of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. Independence was declared on June 12, 1898 and the dictatorial government then in place was replaced by a revolutionary government headed by Emilio Aguinaldo as president on June 23, 1898. The U.S. abolished the Philippine Republic in 1899 and continued its occupation of the islands pursuant to the Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish-American War. The Philippines was under US sovereignty until 1946, when formal independence was granted.
