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Search Results - Foraging

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Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment in which the animal lives. Foraging theory considers the foraging behavior of animals in reference to the payoff that an animal obtains from different foraging options. Foraging theory predicts that the foraging options that deliver the highest payoff should be favored by foraging animals because it will have the highest fitness payoff.

Robert MacArthur, J M Emlen, and Eric Pianka, first proposed an optimal foraging theory in an independent paper in 1966. This theory argued that because of the key importance of successful foraging to an individual's survival, it should be possible to predict foraging behavior by using decision theory to determine the behavior that would be shown by an "optimal forager" - one with perfect knowledge of what to do to maximize usable food intake. While the behavior of real animals inevitably departs from that of the optimal forager, optimal foraging theory has proved very useful in developing hypotheses for describing real foraging behavior. Departures from optimality often help to identify constraints either in the animal's behavioral or cognitive repertoire, or in the environment, that had not previously been suspected. With those constraints identified, foraging behavior often does approach the optimal pattern even if it is not identical to it.

There are many versions of optimal foraging theory that are relevant to different foraging situation. These include

In recent decades, optimal foraging theory has frequently been applied to the foraging behaviour of human hunter-gatherers. Although this is controversial, coming under some of the same kinds of attack as the application of socio biological theory to human behaviour, it does represent a convergence of ideas from human ecology and economic anthropology that has proved fruitful and interesting.

Showing 1 to 14 of 14 Articles matching 'Foraging' in related articles.
Pages: 1

1. Several Funny Ways To Save Money
October 27, 2009

The following funny ways to save money are meant to be just that: funny. They are collected from blogs, websites and the minds of twisted scrooges. My disclaimer: Meant for entertainment purposes only - Please don't try these at home. Visit neighbors while they are working in their gardens and continue to compliment them on the great job they've done until they finally offer you some free vegetables. You can probably do this with several neighbors in order to spread out these foraging trips and limit them to one or two per month for each. Estimated annual savings versus buying the vegetab... (read more)

Author: Steve Gillman

2. Bird Repellers in Action
June 24, 2009

How do bird repellers work? You first have to understand the bird brain. A natural instinct and a daily necessity of a bird are spending hours foraging for food. Some species of birds are considered very intelligent. Scientists even believe that birds can solve problems and learn by example, similar to how children learn. The crow, for example, has been observed placing walnuts in the intersections during a red light so that when the light turns green the cars will run over the nut and crack it open. The bird then flies into the intersection, when the coast is clear, and picks up his bou... (read more)

Author: . .

3. Frugal cook advises using leftovers
April 17, 2009

The writer of a cookery book has advised using leftovers, bits and bobs from the fridge freezer in order to make a family feast. Foraging in the fridge freezer for seemingly random ingredients can actually be enough to make a family feast, a cookery book author has said. Gill Holcombe's guide to frugal dishes and basic recipes is now in its fifth reprint and the Daily Mail recently noted her simple yet effective strategies. The idea for her book came one day when all she could find in her kitchen was a couple of potatoes, a loaf of bread, some fish fillets and peas, which she made i... (read more)

Author: Amy Dutton

4. The Sentricon System Of Eliminating Termite
March 02, 2009

The Sentricon system is marketed as a termite colony elimination system. In order for a colony elimination system to work, the bait must affect every termite in the colony. Worker termites do all of the foraging, so how does the bait get from the worker termites to the rest of the colony? Remember that the worker termites are responsible for feeding all of their nestmates. They do this by consuming food themselves then regurgitating part of it into the mouths of the other colony members. This same natural behavior is exploited by the Sentricon system to disperse the bait toxicant through... (read more)

Author: Jesus Saku

5. Parrot Foraging Toys
February 27, 2009

In the wild birds spend hours everyday searching and finding food, which keeps their mental and physical abilities challenged at all times. Most pet birds have their food served to them in a bowl which is readily available. There are four main activities for birds in their daily lives: foraging, social interactions, feather care and sleep. For most pet birds, because their is no need to forage they have hours of free time. This can lead to displacement behaviors which can manifest themselves into feather picking, screaming, behavioral problems, obesity and deterioration of physical and me... (read more)

Author: David S

6. Parrot Toy Importance
February 20, 2009

Parrot toys are imperative to your parrot's health. Well adjusted parrots have a variety of toys to keep their brain and beak busy. Although your parrot should not be confined to his/her cage all day inevitably they will have to spend some time in their cage. Which means the bird needs something to do with its time while all alone. This is when a supply of fun and interesting toys becomes so important. It is very important to change toys often to keep things interesting for your parrot. While you may want to leave your parrots favorite toy in his cage at all times, have a selection ... (read more)

Author: David S

7. Living off the Land
January 04, 2009

For some the phrase living off the land brings back an audio memory of a song from the 1970’s; Dog Named Boo by Lobo. For others it means foraging and companionship farming. In the beginning of time all people lived off the land, hunting and gathering food. Eventually people learned how to grow crops and raise animals for food.  These agricultural societies were dependent upon the land for their existence. Living off the land, can mean learning how to grow food plants easily without employing high till, soil eroding methods requires that you give up the idea of neat rows of growing plants... (read more)

Author: C.L. Hendricks

8. Free Trivia Questions - Strange Animals Trivia
September 08, 2008

The world's largest nocturnal primate can fit into the palm of your hand. Can you name it? Answer: Aye Aye The Aye Aye is a nocturnal primate that is native to Madagascar. They weigh in at about 2.5 kilograms and as the question states; they can fit into the palm of your hand. These unusual animals have a unique method of foraging for food. Like a woodpecker, they tap on trees to find bugs. Once they have found a bug they chew a hole in the bark and use their extremely long middle finger to get it out. Unfortunately, like many, the Aye Aye is now on the endangered species list. Nativ... (read more)

Author: Jane Long

9. The Alaska Highway: A Road of Wilderness Mystique - From Dawson Creek to Fairbanks
August 20, 2008

The black bear interrupts its roadside foraging to glance reproachfully at the intruders. The bus driver has slowed down so that we can gape. His cry alerting the passengers is one we hear often on the Alaska Highway, and not just for bear sighting. Dall sheep, standing out in brilliant white against rocky mountain slopes. Moose, elk, grizzlies in the distance. A lone wolf slouching across our path. Caribou sighting becomes old hat. The highway is exploding with life and color and the salmon are running. Once, as our Greyhound bus skirts a river, we see a bald eagle swoop down on the... (read more)

Author: Ursula and Eldrid Retief

10. One of World's Rarest Rhinos Caught on Video in Indonesia
May 29, 2008

One of the world's rarest rhinos has been caught on video by specially designed cameras installed in the jungles of Java, Indonesia. The video shows a female Javan rhino - accompanied by her calf - foraging before charging the camera and sending the equipment flying off its stand. The video trap was designed by Stephen Hogg of the WWF, formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund. He said he is baffled by the rhino's assault because he designed the equipment to use infrared light and activate in a way that would not scare away animals. WWF says there are fewer than 60 Javan rhinos left in the wi... (read more)

11. Kenyan Completes Remarkable Journey at British University
December 13, 2007

Kenyan community organizer Sammy Gitau completed another step in his remarkable journey this week. As Tendai Maphosa reports from London, the story began when Gitau was foraging through a rubbish dump in his birthplace, the slums of Nairobi, and now includes a hard-earned masters degree from Britain's University of Manchester. Of the thousands of students who graduate from the University of Manchester this week, 35-year-old Sammy Gitau's journey to the institution is probably the most remarkable. Born and raised in Mathare, a slum in Nairobi, his parents made a living by selling illicitly bre... (read more)

12. Digital TV: What is the Entire Buzz About?
August 23, 2007

Human beings had been foraging from time immemorial and devising tools for communicating with the mass. Perhaps television was one of the greatest inventions which brought about great renaissance to the world of mass communication. And the march is continuing –language, pictures and other essential communication tools. All the communication devices succeeded in perfectly portraying ideas and thoughts among a small community initially, and then they slowly started assimilating the whole world. Finally a time came, when television became the most effective communication sharing medium. Howe... (read more)

Author: Jayson Pablo

13. Foraging in the forest: finding materials that link your home to the great outdoors
March 28, 2006

Thinking about redecorating? Before you run to the nearest interior design store, consider looking to the forests instead. Natural, minimally-worked materials help create an interior that seamlessly transitions from the outdoors – a relaxing environment that’s a pleasure to come home to. Ideas include: · Instead of a formal curtain rod, use a smooth piece of wood and hang natural linen curtains. Here in the Southwest, manzanita is a popular choice for its red bark and sculptural growth patterns. You can also carve and shape sturdy branches into stair case railings. · Don’t forget furn... (read more)

Author: Amy Snyder

14. Trees And Plants Can Be Dangerous To Your Horses
February 16, 2006

When clearing ground for an equestrian facility site in a wooded area, or when horses are allowed to graze in a wooded area, care must be taken to eliminate poisonous plants that are harmful to the residing horses. While horses tend to avoid toxic plants because of their taste, they can still be affected by foraging, particularly if in sparse areas or in times of drought. Cornell University lists the following species of plants that are of particular concern to horse owners: Red Maple, Fiddleneck, Locoweed, Yellow Star Thistle, Crown Vetch, Jimsonweed, Horsetail, Buckwheat, St. John'... (read more)

Author: Kimberley Ennett, MLA, ASLA

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