The
Glosas Emilianenses (Spanish for "glosses of [Saint] Emilianus") are
glosses written in a
Latin codex. The anonymous author is assumed to have been a monk at the monastery of Suso (the upper one) in
San Millán de la Cogolla,
La Rioja. He wrote about a thousand years ago in three languages - Latin, the medieval form of a
Hispanic Romance (traditionally regarded as Castilian or
Old Spanish, but most probably old
Aragonese or a related dialect) and
Basque (the latter two being the
vernacular languages in the region surrounding the monastery). The codex is known as
Aemilianensis 60 (
Aemilianus is Latin for
Emilianus, "
Millán" or "
Emiliano" in modern
Spanish) and was preserved in the monastery library at Yuso (the lower re-foundation of the monastery) before being moved to its current location in
Madrid. It is publicized as the earliest known codex with inscriptions in Basque, though other codices and the Late Roman Basque inscriptions at
Iruña-Veleia are also posited.
There's still some debate as to whether the Iberian Romance language of the glosses should be classed as an early form of Castilian or of Aragonese, although some recent studies (1 H.J.Wolf, in Spanish) show that most features belong indeed to the latter.
Other texts traditionally assumed to be in Old Spanish, like the Kharjas, are proved to be in a different medieval Romance, Mozarabic, which happens to be classified along with Aragonese in a Pyrenean-Mozarabic group.
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