Hiberno-English&_160;– also known as
Anglo-Irish and
Irish English&_160;– is
English as spoken in
Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English and
Irish languages. English was mainly brought to Ireland during the
Plantations of Ireland in the sixteenth century and established itself in
Dublin and in the area of
Leinster known as
the Pale. It was later introduced into
Ulster during the
Plantation of Ulster through
Belfast and the
Lagan Valley in the seventeenth century. The linguistic influence of the Irish language is most evident in
Gaeltachtaí, areas where Irish is still spoken, as well as in areas where, before the complete adoption of English, Irish continued to be spoken for longer than in other areas.
The standard spelling and grammar of Irish-English are largely the same as common British English. However, some unique characteristics exist, especially in the spoken language, owing to the influence of the Irish language on the pronunciation of English.
Hiberno-English retains many phonemic differentiations, which have merged in other English accents. Phonetic transcriptions are given using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
As with London and New York, Dublin has several dialects that differ significantly based on class and age group. Some features include[1]
