Search Results - International relations
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International relations ( IR) represents the study of foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). It is both an academic and public policy field, and can be either positive or normative as it both seeks to analyze as well as formulate the foreign policy of particular states. It is often considered a branch of political science. Apart from political science, IR draws upon such diverse fields as economics, history, law, philosophy, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and cultural studies. It involves a diverse range of issues including but not limited to globalization, state sovereignty, ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, economic development, global finance, terrorism, organized crime, human security, foreign interventionism and human rights. The history of international relations is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, where the modern state system was developed. Prior to this, the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Westphalia instituted the legal concept of sovereignty, which essentially meant that rulers, or the legitimate sovereigns, had no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory's sovereign borders. A simple way to view this is that sovereignty says, "I'm not allowed to tell you what to do and you are not allowed to tell me what to do." Classical Greek and Roman authority at times resembled the Westphalian system, but both lacked the notion of sovereignty. Westphalia encouraged the rise of the independent nation-state, the institutionalization of diplomacy and armies. This particular European system was exported to the Americas, Africa, and Asia via colonialism and the "standards of civilization". The contemporary international system was finally established through decolonization during the Cold War. However, this is somewhat over-simplified. While the nation-state system is considered "modern", many states have not incorporated the system and are termed "pre-modern". Further, a handful of states have moved beyond the nation-state system and can be considered "post-modern". The ability of contemporary IR discourse to explain the relations of these different types of states is disputed. "Levels of analysis" is a way of looking at the international system, which includes the individual level, the domestic nation-state as a unit, the international level of transnational and intergovernmental affairs, and the global level.
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Showing 1 to 4 of 4 Articles matching 'International relations' in related articles. |
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1. 7 Tips on Dating a Russian Brides
November 06, 2009
You know today we can be the witnesses of global phenomenon of international marriages. Today it has become quite popular to get acquainted with a foreign man, build romantic relations with him and get married to him. There are even a great number of sites where you can see not only the photo of your future second half but you have an excellent opportunity to communicate with him or her. But due to some cultural and personal differences, sometimes it becomes difficult to avoid misunderstanding and pitfalls. This article will help you to solve some problems that you may face with during communi... (read more)
Author: Ivanna Ivanova
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2. Turkey Denies Cancelling Military Drill over Israeli Participation
October 12, 2009
Turkey's Foreign Ministry has denied that it canceled this week's international air force exercise over opposition to Israel's participation. The ministry said Monday the cancellation was "not political," and urged Israeli officials to approach the situation with common sense. Israeli military officials said Saturday Turkey canceled the Anatolian Eagle exercise because it wanted to exclude the Israeli air force from taking part in the drill. The military exercise also was scheduled to include U.S., Italian and NATO forces.Turkey and Israel have had close ties, but their relations have b... (read more)
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3. Mercosur Members & Meeting with Promise to Improve International Trade & Resolve Poverty.
September 17, 2009
The members of the South American trade bloc Mercosur ended their recent assembly with the promise to cooperate more closely in improving their international trade relations, creating more employment opportunities, and resolving poverty. Among the 10 leaders present during the event, five represented the members of Mercosur while the others like Cuban Leader Fidel Castro and Bolivian President Evo Morales attended the meeting as a gesture of support. Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez acknowledged his nation's official entry into the South American international trade group. Moreover, Mr. Chavez... (read more)
Author: swati ahuja
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4. How to apply Visa to Vietnam?
September 17, 2009
You can either apply yourself at Vietnamese embassies or consulates in your country or have a local travel agent (your sponsor) to do a part or full its procedure. Implementing the foreign policy line of independence, self-reliance, peace, cooperation and development and the foreign policy of openness and diversification and multilateralization of international relations, Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. For the first time in history, Vietnam is now entertaining normal relations with all major powers and UN Security Council’s Permanent Members. http://www.vietn... (read more)
Author: Thuy NGUYEN
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