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Lithuania [?l??u'e?ni?] (help·info), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Northern Europe,^[2] the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest. Lithuania is a member of NATO, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Lithuania became a full member of the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007.^[3] Its population is 3.6 million. Its capital and the largest city is Vilnius. In 2009, Vilnius is the European Capital of Culture and Lithuania celebrates the millennium of its name.

During the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest country in Europe present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the Lublin Union of 1569 Poland and Lithuania formed a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory. In the aftermath of World War I, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, declaring the re-establishment of a sovereign state. Starting in 1940, Lithuania was occupied first by the Soviet Union then Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end in 1944 and the Nazis retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to declare its renewed independence. Prior to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, post-Soviet Lithuania had one of the fastest growing economies in the European Union.

The first people settled in the territory of Lithuania after the last glacial period in the 10th millennium BC. Over a millennium the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who arrived in the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC, mixed with local population and formed various Baltic tribes. The first written mention of Lithuania is found in a medieval German manuscript, the Quedlinburg Chronicle, on 14 February 1009. Initially inhabited by fragmented Baltic tribes, in 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, who was crowned as King of Lithuania on 6 July 1253.^[4] After his assassination in 1263, pagan Lithuania was a target of Christian crusades of the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order. Despite devastating century-long struggle with the Orders, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania expanded rapidly overtaking former Slavic principalities of Kievan Rus'. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest country in Europe and included present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia.^[5] Geopolitical situation between the west and the east determined multi-cultural and multi-confessional character the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lithuanian ruling elite practiced religious tolerance and borrowed Slavic state traditions, such as using Chancery Slavonic language for official documents.

In 1385, Grand Duke Jogaila accepted Poland's offer to become its king. He converted Lithuania into Christianity and established a personal union between Poland and Lithuania. After two civil wars Vytautas the Great became the Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1392. During his reign Lithuania reached peak of its territorial expansion, centralization of the state was begun, and Lithuanian nobility became increasingly prominent in state politics. Thanks to close cooperation, the armies of Poland and Lithuania achieved a great victory over the Teutonic Knights in 1410 at the Battle of Grunwald, one of the largest battles of medieval Europe.^[6][7][8]

Showing 1 to 25 of 49 Articles matching 'Lithuania' in related articles.

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1. Europe beats plastics packaging recycling target November 10, 2009 Europe beats plastics packaging recycling target The European region recycled 29 percent of all its plastics packaging in 2008, easily surpassing the European Union’s target of 22.5 percent, according to a new report. The report was a collaboration of four European trade organizations: PlasticsEurope, European Plastics Converters, European Plastics Recyclers, and the European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organizations (EPRO). According to the report, 10 European countries — Germany, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Belgium, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Norway, the Netherl... (read more) Author: Ricardo Liu

2. PET bottle washing line October 02, 2009 PET bottle washing line Application: QX type PET washing line were developed by introducing international advanced technology. From the start point to the last step the waste plastics such as beverage PET bottles hard plastic packing materials can be easily washed. The line was regarded as the popular recommended machinery of green environment protection field. Such kind of washing equipment lines were applied in Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Belgium, France, Luxemburg and some African countries. Raidsant Machinery Co., Ltd define the recycling of PET as to process the used PET in a proper ... (read more) Author: Ricardo Liu

3. The Gorgeous Flowers Of Lithuania July 17, 2009 The native wildflowers of Lithuania carpet the rolling hills and gentle landscape of this tiny nation on the southeastern coastline of the Baltic Sea. Their native beauty blankets the sad past of this little nation which is engulfed in customs. There are numerous traditions in the Lithuanian tradition that the native of Lithuania play a great part in. Weddings, funerals, and other significant ceremonies as well as medicinal purposes make native flowers a noteable part of living in Lithuania. The national wild flower of Lithuania is the Rue, sometimes known as the repentance herb. many ... (read more) Author: Robert Bell

4. The Beautiful Wildflowers Of Lithuania July 16, 2009 The native wildflowers of Lithuania cover the gently rolling hills and plains of this little country on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Their native beauty covers the tragic past of this little country which is rich in customs. There are a lot of customs in the Lithuanian culture that the native of Lithuania play a great part in. Weddings, funerals, and other important ceremonies as well as medicinal reasons make native flowers an essential part of life in Lithuania. The national wild flower of Lithuania is the Rue, sometimes called the Herb of Repentance. many refer to the ... (read more) Author: Robert Bell

5. Lithuania Swears In First Woman President July 12, 2009 Recession-hit Lithuania has inaugurated its first woman president.Dalia Grybauskaite, celebrates her victory at campaign headquarters in Vilnius (File)Dalia Grybauskaite took her oath of office in a low-key ceremony Sunday in the capital, VilniusIn a speech to parliament after being sworn in, the former European Union budget commissioner pledged to tackle Lithuania's deepening economic troubles and strike a balanced foreign policy.Ms. Grybauskaite replaces Valdas Adamkus, who is retiring after two five-year terms.After her election, Ms. Grybauskaite said she would consider replacing the minist... (read more)

6. EU Budget Chief Becomes Lithuania's First Woman President May 18, 2009 Official results show European Union budget chief Dalia Grybauskaite has won the presidential elections in her native Lithuania, with nearly 70 percent of the vote. But she has little time to celebrate as the Baltic nation faces a major economic crisis.Presidential candidate and EU Budget Commissioner Dalia Grybauskaite, celebrates her victory at campaign headquarters in Vilnius, 18 May 2009EU budget commissioner Dalia Grybauskaite declared victory in Lithuania's presidential poll, after official results showed she overwhelmingly defeated five other candidates by winning two-thirds of the bal... (read more)

7. European Union Budget Chief Claims Lithuania's Presidential Victory May 17, 2009 Dalia Grybauskaite, 17 May 2009An exit poll conducted for the Baltic news service shows that the European Union's budget commissioner has won Lithuania's presidential election with roughly 68 percent of the vote.  Voter turnout was about 51 percent Sunday meaning a runoff election is not needed.  Even before the exit poll results were announced, when she cast her ballot in front of an army of reporters, Dalia Grybauskaite appeared confident she would become Lithuania's first female president. First polls showed that most voters believe Grybauskaite has what it takes to lead the count... (read more)

8. Seavus Group announces Partnership with leading Russian EPM consulting company April 30, 2009 Seavus Group is proud to announce a Reseller Partnership with leading Russian EPM consulting company, Bogdanov & Associates. Bogdanov & Associates is appointed as an exclusive Seavus reseller for Print for Project Web Access – an add-on for Microsoft® Project Web Access that allows users to print project plans, with the same visual style as Microsoft® Project. The Russian company will now have the exclusive right to market and distribute Print for Project Web Access, covering Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Seavus Group is proud to announce a Reseller ... (read more) Author: Biljana Trimcevska

9. Expat in Liechtenstein vs. Lithuania March 10, 2009 When you decide to become an expat it means you are going to spend most of ypur time between strangers. In a totally different country than yours. An expat spends about 300 of 365 days outside his country working. Expats are very common nowadays due to numerous factors. From the functional European Union, the need of money and many others, they all contribute to the growth of the number of expats. The financial crisis is surely a factor that makes people seek for jobs. And as they cannot find in their own countries anymore they start looking outside. Now, no matter where you come fr... (read more) Author: Robert Bell

10. Lithuania Considers Taking in Guantanamo Prisoners February 11, 2009 Leg shackles sit on the floor in Camp 6 detention center on the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 21 Jan, 2009Lithuania said it is to hold talks with the United States on accepting some of the inmates being held at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.Foreign Minister Vygaudas Usackas said Wednesday in Vilnius that he has been instructed to begin consultations with the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama regarding the issue. It was not clear when talks would take place and there was no immediate comment from U.S. officials.The United States has previously tried to... (read more)

11. Welcome to the Ukraine, city Bila Tserkva! December 02, 2008 The city Bila Tserkva (Belaya Tserkov in Russian) is a city (est. 200,000) in Kyiv oblast, situated in the Dnieper Upland on the Ros River.The present name of the city, literally translated, is "White Church" and may refer to the (not longer extant) white-painted cathedral of medieval Yuriev. It was built on the site of Yuriev, a town founded in 1032. In the mid-16th century, when Bila Tserkva belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a fortified castle was built; under Polish rule it was an important county town and in Cossack times the seat of the Bila Tserkva regiment (1648–74, 1702–12). W... (read more) Author: Alex Russ

12. US, Allies Reiterate Support for Georgia August 14, 2008 George W. Bush makes a statement about conflict between Georgia and Russia from the White House, 13 Aug 2008U.S. President George Bush again has stressed his support for a "sovereign, free Georgia".Mr. Bush telephoned the presidents of Lithuania and Ukraine Thursday to assure them of U.S. solidarity with Georgia. The leaders discussed ongoing humanitarian efforts and agreed on the need for Russia to withdraw its forces from Georgia.In Canada, Prime Minister Stephen Harper denounced Russia's "Soviet-era" mentality. Mr. Harper said all democratic countries should speak out against Russia's att... (read more)

13. Lithuania Would Consider Hosting US Missile Shield if Asked June 18, 2008 Lithuania's defense minister says his country would consider hosting parts of a U.S. missile defense system if asked, but says no talks on the subject are underway.Juozas Olekas Wednesday downplayed reports there was any immediate need for such consideration. He told Lithuanian media that he believed current talks between Washington and Warsaw on deploying parts of the shield in Poland will be completed successfully.But Olekas added that if a proposal is made, Lithuania would consider all its positive and negative aspects.U.S. officials Tuesday denied a news report that the U.S. was talking t... (read more)

14. France to Open Labor Market to 8 Eastern European Countries May 28, 2008 France says it will soon lift restrictions on workers from eight formerly communist countries that joined the European Union in 2004. President Nicolas Sarkozy announced the upcoming move Wednesday at a news conference in Warsaw with Polish President Lech Kaczynski. Poland is one of the countries set to benefit from the French move. After the European alliance was enlarged, citizens from the East European members - in addition to Poland, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and Slovakia - did not have unrestricted access to jobs in France and some other Western n... (read more)

15. Budget Guide to the Baltic May 20, 2008 The three ex-Soviet Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have become fashionable tourist hostspots in recent years. This is mainly because, with their well-preserved architecture, friendly locals and cheap prices, the nations' three capital cities provide a uniquely attractive environment for the hostel booker. Talinn Estonia's capital, Talinn, lies on the country's north coast - directly on the Baltic Sea. Established in 1219, the city developed as a seaport over the centuries - and was famed for its beauty. However, along with its Baltic neighbours, all foreign travel was... (read more) Author: jon cooper

16. EU Ministers in Georgia for Crisis Talks May 12, 2008 Five European Union foreign ministers are in Georgia to show support for its pro-Western government, as a Georgian-Russian dispute over Moscow's backing for Georgian separatists continues. The foreign ministers of Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden are meeting Monday with Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili and other top officials. The delegation told reporters Sunday the European delegation would express solidarity with the Tbilisi government and voice support for Georgian sovereignty. Tensions between Moscow and Tbilisi escalated last month, when then-Russian President Vladim... (read more)

17. Hollywood-based Charity Helps Jewish Holocaust Survivors April 15, 2008 A Hollywood television director is helping elderly Jewish survivors of the Holocaust. Mike O'Sullivan reports, the effort began informally with a chance meeting in Eastern Europe. Zane Busby got her start in Hollywood as an actress, appearing in films and television series. Then she became a director of television comedies. But curiosity attracted her to another part of the world. In 2001, she decided to visit the towns where her grandparents had lived in Belarus and Lithuania. On her way, she stopped in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius, where she met linguist Dovid Katz, research director a... (read more)

18. Poland, Lithuania to Sign "Energy Bridge" Accord March 07, 2008 An agreement establishing a Polish- Lithuanian venture to build an "energy bridge" linking Poland's and Lithuania's power grids is to be signed in Warsaw on 12 February, Lithuanian Economics Minister Vyatas Navickas said. Navickas discusses energy cooperation with Polish, Latvian and Estonian economics ministers in Vilnius today. Poland said in October that the construction of the energy bridge with Lithuania would be delayed unless Poland got 1,000-1,200 MW from the new nuclear power station under construction in Ignalina. According to Poland's Economics Minister Waldemar Pawlak, the linkin... (read more) Author: Velimir Lackovic

19. Great heritages are the major tourist attractions in Lithuania February 25, 2008 Lithuania is the fastest growing tourist destination in Europe. Summer is the best season to visit the Lithuanian cities and experience the beauty of beach life of Lithuanian seaside. Visitors can avoid the tourist rush during late spring and early autumn. If, visitors are targeting to experience the night life and restaurants only then perhaps weather does not matter. Vilnius is one of the main Lithuanian tourist attractions. It is situated at the crossroads between Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and Western Europe. Gediminas Castle and Cathedral Square are prime sights of the city. The Ol... (read more) Author: Nancy Eben

20. Druskininkai hotels or Hotel klaipedia Lithuania: experience the international service February 25, 2008 There is very interesting definition of cities in Lithuania. As per parliament of Lithuanian a city is defined as the compact areas populated by more than three thousand people. The definition is interesting and strange as well because there are various cities in the countries like India and china where such definition is implied for villages. Thus as per definition; there are 103 cities in Lithuania. Smaller settlements in Lithuania like ‘town’ is known as ‘miestelis’ and villages are known as ‘kaimas’. If, the status of the place is not clear than that place is referred as ‘gyvenviete’. ... (read more) Author: Nancy Eben

21. Discover Medieval Vilnius Old Town A Postcard Perfect City February 15, 2008 Travelling and discovering new places has always been my passion. I find travelling truly rewarding - you are always exposed to new sites and exciting adventures, meeting new people and learn something about their culture first hand. By the year of 2003 I have covered most of the western European countries but the eastern part was left undiscovered. I learned about Lithuania for the first time from my friend who had just arrived back from his vacation in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. He was full of pleasant impressions and affectionately described it as "a chocolate box city o... (read more) Author: John Watson

22. Discover unique Lithuanian facts through Lithuania tours February 14, 2008 Lithuania is situated in northern Europe. During 1300s, it was the largest country but its neighboring country annexed and destroyed it in 1795. But, again Lithuania has reorganized itself and today it is amongst the fastest growing economies in the Europe. The best time for traveling Lithuania is summer and spring. The most attractive sights of Lithuania are ‘hill of crosses, National Museum, Trakai Island Castle & History Museum’. Hill of crosses is beautifully bestowed with divine beauty by the nature. When the teasing breeze breaks the silence, your heart will be definitely poured up... (read more) Author: Nancy Eben

23. Lithuania hotels: establishing standards for the world February 14, 2008 Lithuania is now an independent nation and gradually turning itself into the fastest growing business as well as commercial centre in the world. Especially, its capital city Vilnius is one of the most attractive tourist places in the Europe. It is the largest old town, where one can get various architectural styles of different decades within centuries. Visitors’ main attractions in Vilnius are Gediminas Tower, Cathedral Square and Vilnius TV Tower. Gediminas Tower is the oldest one part of the city. It is recognized as the symbol of Vilnius and Lithuania. It is also being depicted on th... (read more) Author: Nancy Eben

24. Gates: NATO May Supply More Troops for Afghanistan February 08, 2008 U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says he believes some NATO allies will provide more troops for Afghanistan soon, as he has been urging.  And he says he will use his current trip to Europe to try to convince ordinary Europeans to support such moves by their governments.  The secretary spoke to reporters on his plane enroute to Munich, following a NATO defense ministers' meeting in Lithuania.  VOA's Al Pessin reports. Secretary Gates says he came out of the Vlinius meetings optimistic that NATO will come closer to sending the number of troops to Afghanistan that its military ... (read more)

25. NATO Chief Calls on Afghanistan to Step Up Fight Against Taliban February 08, 2008 NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer says Afghanistan must step up its fight against the Taliban. During a meeting with NATO defense chiefs Friday, Scheffer said it is up to Afghanistan to improve its government and boost support for its security forces. He stressed the need to fight corruption, build up a viable police force, and take on opium producers. The NATO chiefs are in their second day of contentious talks in Vilnius, Lithuania, as the alliance considers a U.S. request for the deployment of more combat troops to southern Afghanistan. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates has b... (read more)

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