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Mongolia (pronounced /m??'go?li?/; Mongolian ?????? ???&_160;(help·info), literally Mongol country/nation, ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only a few miles from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.

The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Rouran, the Xianbei, the Gökturks, and others. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Mongolia came under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism. At the end of the 17th century, most of Mongolia had been incorporated into the area ruled by the Qing Dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de-facto independence, and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, it came under strong Russian and Soviet influence In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. After the breakdown of communist regimes in Eastern Europe in late 1989, Mongolia saw its own Democratic Revolution in early 1990, which led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and the - rather rough - transition to a market economy.

At 1,564,116&_160;square kilometres, Mongolia is the nineteenth largest, and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world with a population of around 2.9 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by arid and unproductive steppes, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Approximately 30% of the country's 2.9&_160;million people are nomadic or semi-nomadic. The predominant religion in Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism, and the majority of the state's citizens are of the Mongol ethnicity, though Kazakhs, Tuvans and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west.

Mongolia, since prehistoric times, has been inhabited by nomads who, from time to time, formed great confederations that rose to prominence. The first of these, the Xiongnu, were brought together to form a confederation by Modu Shanyu in 209 BC. Soon they emerged as the greatest threat to the Qin Dynasty, forcing the latter to construct the Great Wall of China, itself being guarded by up to almost 300,000 soldiers during marshal Meng Tian's tenure, as a means of defense against the destructive Xiongnu raids. After the decline of the Xiongnu, the Rouran, a close relative of the Mongols, came to power before being defeated by the Göktürks, who then dominated Mongolia for centuries. During the seventh and eighth centuries, they were succeeded by Uyghurs and then by the Khitans and Jurchens. By the tenth century, the country was divided into numerous tribes linked through transient alliances and involved in the old patterns of internal strife.

Showing 1 to 24 of 24 Articles matching 'Mongolia' in related articles.

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1. Garlic Sauce of Prawns November 11, 2008 When the Chinese introduced their cuisine into India through Mongolia, Nepal, Tibet and other Northern neighbors, little did they expect that the ever-adapting Indian would re-invent some of their most time-tested recipes to suit the sub-continental palate. Indo-Chinese food is available on every corner of most cities in New York, on wooden, red stalls with dragons and bamboos painted on them and funny spellings. It's filling, cheap, heavy, bad food value, but real quick, tasty and fun to eat. The stalls permeate the air with the smell of cooking garlic, onions and chilly which grabs much... (read more) Author: jaffar aashik

2. The Truth About Search Engine Optimization August 11, 2008 You know the drill. Your client wants to be the owner of Google and it’s your responsibility to wake him up to painful reality. What? You mean you can’t just make me #1 in Google for all my keywords in 24 hours? You sigh, and then begin explaining the painful reality of virtual real estate. Oh sure, you could rank #1 for “Night Time Bird Watching In Outer Mongolia Without Flash Lights” but how many people are really going to go to the search engines for that? My wild guess would be painfully few though I’ve been wrong before. Proper Search Engine Optimization takes far more t... (read more) Author: Guy Siverson

3. 2 Ways To Put Internet Marketing On Steroids August 11, 2008 You know the drill. Your client wants to be the owner of Google and it’s your responsibility to wake him up to painful reality. What? You mean you can’t just make me #1 in Google for all my keywords in 24 hours? You sigh, and then begin explaining the painful reality of virtual real estate. Oh sure, you could rank #1 for “Night Time Bird Watching In Outer Mongolia Without Flash Lights” but how many people are really going to go to the search engines for that? My wild guess would be painfully few though I’ve been wrong before. Proper Search Engine Optimization takes far more t... (read more) Author: Guy Siverson

4. Will You Share in China's Olympic Moment? It's Here! August 10, 2008 As promised, here we are with another visit to China before the Olympics begin today (08-08-08) - [original blog version was a couple days earlier]. If you're an Olympian or a spectator, the adventure of experiencing China's opening on the world stage promises to be nothing short of thrilling. The infrastructure, including Qingdao Olympic Village, has been ready for the influx of athletes, officials, and journalists, and Beijing and Hong Kong are welcoming spectators. Since Olympic Village opened two weeks before the Olympics, many of the photographers, journalists, TV networks, as well as off... (read more) Author: Dan Lisson

5. Mongolia -The Best Camping Place July 05, 2008 Mongolia –The Best Camping Place If you’ve made it to Beijing, you might as well catch the flight to Ulaan Baatar. The grass is always greener. It’s always a curiosity to see how middle class urban Mongolia lived. In the centre of Ulaan Baatar, home to a third of Mongolia the skyline is still dominated by Soviet-style multi-storey apartment blocks. In the tiny enclosed space, the vastness of Mongolia’s Russian history showed through: everything from the curios to the furniture bore the unmistakable imprint of that Socialist bear hug. Pack your bags... (read more) Author: jagi singh

6. Loose Fat With Nutrition Products June 06, 2008 Ephedra, also known as Ma Huang, is being used in Chinese medicine for more than 2,500 years. It is a thing came into being to northern China and Inner Mongolia where it grows as different and separable from the wood itself, plant that has ability of making few leaves and tiny yellow-greenish flowers that merely can be seen in the summer season. While different varieties of ephedra grow across the globe, the one in use in the U S thrives in dry, south-western areas. The medicine gained popularity from the first Americans of northern European descent back in the 1800s. Consumed as food or ... (read more) Author: Francis Adam

7. The History of Acupuncture May 05, 2008 The History of Acupuncture in China can be tracked back to the Stone Age - Bian Shi - sharpened stones dating back to 3000BC when archaeologists uncovered the stone acupuncture needles in Inner Mongolia. Clearer archaeologist evidence of early acupuncture practice has to exist within the Han dynasty (202 BC–220 AD). Forms of it are also described in the literature of traditional Korean medicine where it is called chimsul. It is also important in Kampo, the traditional medicine system of Japan. Shen Nung, known as the father of Chinese medicine, is the first known person to have theorized... (read more) Author: Ali Mack

8. Health Benefits of Goji Berries - Makes Your Healthy April 16, 2008 Goji berries grow on an evergreen shrub found in temperate and subtropical regions in China, Mongolia and in the Himalayas in Tibet. They are in the nightshade (Solonaceae) family. Goji berries are usually found dried. They are shriveled red berries that look like red raisins. Goji berry is a fruit popular in Tibet and the goji plant also grows in Mongolia and China, and probably in India and Thailand. The goji plant is known in China as wolfberry (Lycium berry). My understanding thus far is that goji berry and wolfberry are the same or similar, it's just that they grow in different parts... (read more) Author: Peter Hutch

9. Violin: Music closest to a human voice March 28, 2008 Violins, often known for classical music, are now world wide. Violins are now played in country, jazz, rock, blugrass and blues. The Violin is a stringed instrument. There are two kinds of stringed instruments: plucking and bowing. Plucking instruments, like harps and lyres, were around long before the bowing instruments. Violins have origins that come from Asia with a good example being: The Mongolian Murin Huur. The present form of the violin is from 16th century Italy, in the towns of Vince and Genoa, historically both had strong trade ties with Mongolia. Before the violin rea... (read more) Author: Anthony Benjamin

10. Background of the Tibetan Goji Berry February 12, 2008 In the fertile, unpolluted hills and valleys of Tibet and Mongolia there is a special berry the locals cherish so much they honor it in celebrations that last two weeks each year. Containing more protein than whole wheat, more beta carotene than carrots and 500 times more vitamin C by weight than oranges Tibetan Goji berries have been considered by many for thousands of years to be a very powerful food. It has been well documented that many people in these regions where Goji Berries grow live free of common diseases for well over a hundred years.   Tibetan Goji berri... (read more) Author: Tom Garcin

11. Mongol Empire January 30, 2008 In 1206, the year of the Tiger, Temujin managed to unite the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Uighurs, Keraits, Tatars and disparate other smaller tribes under his rule through his charisma, dedication, and strong will. An Ikh Khurildai (Great Council) was announced near the Onon River, by proudly raising the state flag. In 1206, the year of the Tiger, Temujin managed to unite the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Uighurs, Keraits, Tatars and disparate other smaller tribes under his rule through his charisma, dedication, and strong will. An Ikh Khurildai (Great Council) was announced near the Onon River,... (read more) Author: Hantulga G

12. Mongolia, Total Solar Eclipse 2008 January 30, 2008 A solar eclipse happens when the moon passes between the sun and the earth, covering by its total shadow over the earth's surface. This event is one of nature’s most spectacular pieces of theater - never failing to impress those fortunate enough to witness it. Western edge close to Mongolian border will be included as a portion of the Path of Totality for the next amazing Total Solar Eclipse on August 1, 2008. Observing it from Mongolia is a good choice with several reasons. Mid-summer is a good time to travel around Western Mongolia and enjoy the landscape, culture and weather. ... (read more) Author: Hantulga G

13. A WAY TO LIVE COMPLETE: MORIHEI UESHIBA MOMENTS IN TIME January 08, 2008 Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), founded the Aikido, The Art of Peace. He was no stranger to battle and conflict having served in the Russo-Japanese war. He also saw action in several battles in Mongolia. He claimed to have had three visions which led him to promote a different kind of attitude toward warriorship and humanity. The first was in 1925 at the age of 42. Ueshiba was in a bar when a drunk kept trying to provoke a confrontation. O-Sensei tried to ignore the lout but the man continuted to harass Ueshiba and the other patrons. Morihei was about to put a stop to this drunken... (read more) Author: Timothy Jordan

14. Travel Destinations January 07, 2008 Peter Greenberg has compiled a roundup of some of the more interesting options for swingin’ senior singles, which run the gamut from safaris to small-ship cruises. ELDERTREKS If you want some adventure on the road, ElderTreks has been offering senior-oriented trips for almost two decades. With both land and sea vacations, ElderTreks features some pretty exotic destinations, including Mongolia, Ethiopia, and Antarctica. Most of the offerings tend toward the strenuous, but the Activity Level rank gives an idea of just how active a particular tour is. A Level 3 (most physical) voya... (read more) Author: Peter Greenberg

15. Goji Juice - What are Goji Berries? September 28, 2007 Goji berries are termed as a gift of life. It is a kind of berry exclusively available in the valleys of Himalayas. It is especially in the less densely populated region of Tibet and Mongolia. It is cherished and celebrated by the native people for its great medicinal value. It is said that taking goji berry in any form leads to an ever youth body and soul. Even at the age of eighty’s one can stay without grey hair and fallen teeth. Goji berries these days have attained several transformations like juices, capsules, bars, powders and extracts. And the taste is described almost similar to ... (read more) Author: Francis Adam

16. Goji Berries - Pure Goji Juice September 11, 2007 Goji berries are termed as a gift of life. It is a kind of berry exclusively available in the valleys of Himalayas. It is especially in the less densely populated region of Tibet and Mongolia. It is cherished and celebrated by the native people for its great medicinal value. It is said that taking goji berry in any form leads to an ever youth body and soul. Even at the age of eighty’s one can stay without grey hair and fallen teeth. Goji berries these days have attained several transformations like juices, capsules, bars, powders and extracts. And the taste is described almost similar to ... (read more) Author: Kirk Bachelder

17. Porsche N.A names TransSyberian Rally Teams July 12, 2007 To compete in one of the world's most difficult rally events, the 2007 TransSyberian Rally, Porsche Cars of North America (PCNA) will be fielding three specially prepared Cayennes. Beginning August 3, and covering 3,850 miles of forest, desert, mountains, and plains, the route will pit the Cayennes against 47 other entrants on the 15 day expedition from Moscow to Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. The 2008 Porsche Cayenne S TransSyberia vehicles used for the rally have had a set of special safety equipment added in preparation for the rally. Based on the standard Cayenne S, the race vehi... (read more) Author: Rain Stockton

18. The Benefits of the Goji Berry in the Super Health Drink, Exfuze July 05, 2007 The Goji Berry has been around for centuries and trusted by the people in and around the Himalayas, Mongolia and Tibet to prolong life and provide the body with essential antioxidants and nutrients thus making it one of the seven super foods. The other super foods that have been proven to give you a longer and healthier life include the Acai fruit, Seabuckthorn, Fucoidan, GAC fruit, Noni fruit, and Mangosteen fruit which are all found in a new revolutionary health drink, called Exfuze. This health drink, Exfuze, that contains Goji Berry will change the way that people live and think abou... (read more) Author: Daniel Sanderson

19. Will Investors Warm to Juniors Operating in Mongolia? May 10, 2007 ________________________________________________www.resourcexinvestor.com Will Investors Warm to Juniors Operating in Mongolia? East Asia Stock Rises with Tides of Uranium Majors Operating in Far East By Katherine Young, Resourcex.com The President of Mongolia, Nambaryn Enkhbayar, met with British Prime Minister Tony Blair and British Minister for Trade, Investment and Foreign Affairs, Ian McCartney on April 16th and 17th. On the agenda was discussion about Mongolia continuing to create favourable conditions for foreign investment, particularly in the mineral industry. Bac... (read more) Author: Katherine Young

20. Mining and Investment in Mongolia: An Interview with Terence Ortsland May 04, 2007 By Katherine Young, Resourcex Investor May 4, 2007 A recent agreement in principle between Rio Tinto, Ivanhoe Mines and the Mongolian government has investors, analysts and mining professionals wondering if the climate in Mongolia is becoming more favourable to foreign investment in the resources sector. Juniors in Mongolia like East Asia Minerals (TSX.V:EAS) and Red Hill Energy (TSX.V:RH) - who have, respectively, uranium and coal deposits in Mongolia - will likely be affected by investor perception of this deal. Katherine Young of Resourcex Investor spoke to Terence Ortslan, a mining a... (read more) Author: Katherine Young

21. Chow Chow: A Tough Defender November 23, 2006 Bred about 2100 years back in Mongolia, the Chow Chow makes a great companion and an excellent watchdog. It’s a medium size dog which has thick fur coat and appears as a living, growling teddy bear. These dogs are normally solid black in color but also come in shades of brown and red. Unlike other dogs, they have black tongues and black noses, and even the inside of their mouths is black. To look at, the Chow Chow is cute, cuddly dog but has a lordly attitude, which is why it is considered to be a tough and mean dog, which is true in part. Some of them are grouchy and downright mean, whil... (read more) Author: kanishk manchanda

22. Carpets March 13, 2006 A carpet is any loom-woven, felted textile or synthetic fabric floor covering. Earlier, table and wall coverings were also called carpets, as it was uncommon to use them on the floor in European interiors until the 18th century. The carpet probably traces its roots to Mongolia or Turkestan. The Moors introduced carpet-making in Spain in the 10th century. The Crusades acquainted the whole of Europe with Turkish Carpets, which were primarily hung on walls or laid out on tables. With the opening of trade routes in the 17th century, significant numbers of Persian Rugs were imported into Western E... (read more) Author: Ross Bainbridge

23. Mongolian Archery of the Past March 11, 2006 The horse has quickly become a fixture in civilizations throughout history. Regarding Mongolian history, the bow and arrow, and the practice of archery, has become a similar symbol. Archery has been around in Mongolia since the earliest dated history in that region. It can also be traced back thousands of years in many regions, where it played a large part in the rise and fall of empires. The Mongolians, throughout history, crafted composite bows for their troops. Made from wood, sinew and horn, it was glued together using a substance extracted from the bladders of fish. Due to the drying... (read more) Author: Alex Simms

24. Bird Flu: How Are Americans Going to Catch It? January 17, 2006 Bird flu, which is the lay term for the H5N1 variety of avian influenza, started in Hong Kong in 1997. Since then it has spread to China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Laos, Russia, Indonesia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Romania, England, Croatia, Macedonia, Kuwait, and most recently to Turkey. The H5N1 virus has infected many species including ducks, chickens, turkeys, tree sparrows, peregrine falcons, great black-headed gulls, brown-headed gulls, gray herons, Canada geese, bar-headed geese, little egrets, pigs, clouded leopards, white tigers, mice, domest... (read more) Author: bradford frank

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