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Search Results - Observable

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In physics, particularly in quantum physics, a system observable is a property of the system state that can be determined by some sequence of physical operations. For example, these operations might involve submitting the system to various electromagnetic fields and eventually reading a value off some gauge. In systems governed by classical mechanics, any experimentally observable value can be shown to be given by a real-valued function on the set of all possible system states. In quantum physics, on the other hand, the relation between system state and the value of an observable is more subtle, requiring some basic linear algebra to explain. In the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, states are given by non-zero vectors in a Hilbert space V (where two vectors are considered to specify the same state if, and only if, they are scalar multiples of each other) and observables are given by self-adjoint operators on V. However, as indicated below, not every self-adjoint operator corresponds to a physically meaningful observable. For the case of a system of particles, the space V consists of functions called wave functions.

In quantum mechanics, measurement of observables exhibits some seemingly unintuitive properties. Specifically, if a system is in a state described by a vector in a Hilbert space, the measurement process affects the state in a non-deterministic, but statistically predictable way. In particular, after a measurement is applied, the state description by a single vector may be destroyed, being replaced by a statistical ensemble. The irreversible nature of measurement operations in quantum physics is sometimes referred to as the measurement problem and is described mathematically by quantum operations. By the structure of quantum operations, this description is mathematically equivalent to that offered by relative state interpretation where the original system is regarded as a subsystem of a larger system and the state of the original system is given by the partial trace of the state of the larger system.

Physically meaningful observables must also satisfy transformation laws which relate observations performed by different observers in different frames of reference. These transformation laws are automorphisms of the state space, that is bijective transformations which preserve some mathematical property. In the case of quantum mechanics, the requisite automorphisms are unitary (or antiunitary) linear transformations of the Hilbert space V. Under Galilean relativity or special relativity, the mathematics of frames of reference is particularly simple, and in fact restricts considerably the set of physically meaningful observables.

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Showing 1 to 25 of 85 Articles matching 'Observable' in related articles.
Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Next >>

1. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Carla Lacchese
November 21, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quan... (read more)

Author: Carla Lacchese

2. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich
November 10, 2008

The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Ken Baker What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the per... (read more)

Author: Ken Baker

3. Personality Type: Rational - The Complex World of Problem-Solving Personalities
October 27, 2008

Temperament is a configuration of observable personality traits and characteristics that determine personal needs, contributions in the workplace, and the roles we play in society. Through extensive research of human behavior, we identified mankind’s four basic temperaments as the Artisan, the Guardian, the Rational, and the Idealist. You can accomplish goals and improve personal relationships by examining your own personality traits, interests and abilities. Last time, we learned about the nurturing and inspirational Idealist nature. This article, fifth in a series, examines the fundamental p... (read more)

Author: Dr. David M Keirsey

4. Personality Type: Idealist - A World of Possibility & Potential
October 24, 2008

Temperament is a configuration of observable personality traits and characteristics that determine personal needs, contributions in the workplace, and the roles we play in society. Through extensive research of human behavior, we identified mankind’s four basic temperaments as the Artisan, the Guardian, the Rational, and the Idealist. You can accomplish goals and improve personal relationships by examining the personality traits, interests and abilities that make you, you. Last time, we learned about the Artisan, who is all about the here and now. This article, fourth in a series, explores the... (read more)

Author: Dr. David M Keirsey

5. The Law of Attraction and The Science of Getting Rich
October 16, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum pa... (read more)

Author: ruby fernandez

6. Scary Creatures in Reality and Wild Imaginings
October 10, 2008

In the realm of mortals, life may seem to be closing in on black and white. We lead our lives with the orientation that only the quantifiable, observable and overt are deemed to be true. However, in the realm of the endless, human beings are mere mortal creatures and truth is not a matter of great importance. It is a world where scary creatures lurk, ghosts and mummies cause mayhem, and humans are at the mercy of unfathomable paranormal events. Many ghost stories and urban legends about scary creatures have been circulating throughout the years. Despite these, people are still skeptical a... (read more)

Author: Joel Owens

7. How To Use The Law of Attraction To Earn Money Online
September 02, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum pa... (read more)

Author: Nela Odarijew

8. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich
July 30, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum par... (read more)

Author: Jimmy T

9. Be ALL you can be - The Secret of Getting Rich!!
June 29, 2008

The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Terrie Banister What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with ... (read more)

Author: Terrie Banister

10. How Would Spiritual Awaking Effect You?
June 16, 2008

Spiritual Inquiry births ideas Every spiritual journey begins with the precept that all possibilities exist at all times. God’s creation includes spirit where possibilities await discovery and become observable as experience. All that exist is for experience for without experience nothing can be verified. It is through the experience of mankind that all things become reality to the human intellect. All power in the word of God is for mankind’s discovery and enhancement. No demonic principle or principality can decipherer and put into practice its meaning. The expansion of Truth, ... (read more)

Author: Donald Yates

11. How advance electronics and robotics help us in Daily Life
May 31, 2008

Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, such as computer programmes, games and other computer operated things. It is related to using computers to understand human intelligence, but ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. The history of artificial intelligence is following:- 1. In 1950 ALAN TURING publisher of U.S.A publishes first book on this topic named "COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE". 2. In 1956 John Mccarthy used the term Artoficiall Intelligence for the first... (read more)

Author: jason John

12. Noise and Its Affect On Your Health
May 29, 2008

Noise is a nuisance; there is no doubt about it. But more than that, it can cause health problems. For this reason, many are working at reducing the amount of noise in our everyday environment by creating new laws and regulations. How does noise affect our health? The first and most noticeable affects are hearing loss. Hearing loss is easy to connect with noise because it is observable and measurable. Hearing loss is often gradual and the first awareness of the damage unfortunately comes once it has started. One first notices hearing loss when they are unable to hear particular word... (read more)

Author: Mark Rustad

13. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Lim Wan Ying
May 20, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum pa... (read more)

Author: Wan Ying Lim

14. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich
May 05, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum par... (read more)

Author: Michael Flannery

15. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Ionut Asofiei
April 30, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum par... (read more)

Author: asofiei ionut

16. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich
April 16, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum par... (read more)

Author: Alessandra Diniz Nabas

17. The Law of Attraction
April 16, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum part... (read more)

Author: Buffy Carney

18. Edema - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatments
March 29, 2008

Edema is observable swelling from fluid accumulation in body tissues. Edema most commonly occurs in the feet and legs, where it is referred to as peripheral edema. The swelling is the result of the accumulation of excess fluid under the skin in the spaces within the tissues. All tissues of the body are made up of cells and connective tissues that hold the cells together. Swollen feet and legs, referred to medically as edema, occur when fluid is retained in the spaces between body cells. Edema typically affects the feet, ankles and lower legs, but can also impact any area of the body, caus... (read more)

Author: Peter Hutch

19. Is what you imagine really what you notice
March 28, 2008

Learning to keep your assumptions in check is a simple skill to acquire, but applying it consistently to your work takes a lot of effort. While this skill can provide you with a very important reward—being able to sell more in less time—many sales professionals still don’t take the time to learn how to incorporate this into their sales technique. It begs the question: why don’t they just do it? Let’s look at an exercise based on the work of Dr. Brad Blanton (author of Practicing Radical Honesty: How to Complete the Past, Live in the Pre... (read more)

Author: Colleen Francis

20. What Is The Next Step In Evolution
February 25, 2008

It would seem preposterous to talk about the next step in evolution while 84% of the world's population is stuck in archaic religions and have been for thousands of years. In the course of its history humanity has not moved very far from worshipping trees, stones, animals statues and imagined Gods. As enlightened or sophisticated as we think we are in the western world, we are still down on our knees. It is observable that in the time of humanity on this world, we, as a whole, do not move very quickly when it comes to spirituality. We spend very little time out of the day contemplating ou... (read more)

Author: Roy Klienwachter

21. the law of attraction and the science of getting rich
February 15, 2008

The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Rohin Sharma What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the pers... (read more)

Author: rohin sharma

22. The Science of Getting Rich and the Law of Attraction - by Kuni Yamazaki
February 11, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" ... (read more)

Author: Kuni Yamazaki

23. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich
January 25, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum pa... (read more)

Author: Monique Sharp

24. The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Betina Bach Knudsen
January 22, 2008

What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the person conducting the experiment. It the scientists "predict" that quantum pa... (read more)

Author: Betina Bach Knudsen

25. The SECRET
January 21, 2008

The Law of Attraction and the Science of Getting Rich - By Jimmy T What are you thinking about right now? The Law of Attraction states that "whatever we think about, we bring about". This law may initially seem like new age fluff but believe it or not, there are scientific merits to this proposition. The top quantum physicists of our time have discovered that our universe and our reality is very much directed by the "observer". When studying quantum particles (the smallest observable unit of matter), these scientists discovered that such particles behave in accordance with the pe... (read more)

Author: JIMMY T

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