Search Results - Peptide hormone
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Peptide hormones are a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. [1] Peptide hormones are increasingly being identified in plants with important roles in cell-to-cell communication and plant defence. Plant peptide hormones predominantly act as ligands to membrane-bound receptor kinases. Like other proteins, peptide hormones are synthesized from amino acids according to an mRNA template, which is itself synthesized from a DNA template inside the cell's nucleus. Peptide hormone precursors (pre-prohormones) are then processed in several stages, typically in the endoplasmic reticulum, including removal of the N-terminal signal sequence and sometimes glycosylation, resulting in prohormones. The prohormones are then packaged into membrane-bound secretory vesicles, which can be secreted from the cell by exocytosis in response to specific stimuli.[2] These prohormones often contain superfluous amino acid residues that were needed to direct folding of the hormone molecule into its active configuration but have no function once the hormone folds. Specific endopeptidases in the cell cleave the prohormone just before it is released into the blood stream, generating the mature hormone form of the molecule. Mature peptide hormones then diffuse through the blood to all of the cells of the body, where they interact with specific receptors on the surface of their target cells. Some peptide/protein hormones ( angiotensin II, basic fibroblast growth factor-2, parathyroid hormone-related protein) also interact with intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus by an intracrine mechanism.[3] Several important peptide hormones are secreted from the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary secretes luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which act on the gonads, prolactin, which acts on the mammary gland, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), which acts on the adrenal cortex to regulate the secretion of glucocorticoids, and growth hormone, which acts on bone, muscle, and the liver. The posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, and oxytocin. Peptide hormones are produced by many different organs and tissues, however, including the heart (atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)) and pancreas (insulin and somatostatin), the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystokinin, gastrin), and adipose tissue stores (leptin).[4][5]
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Showing 1 to 7 of 7 Articles matching 'Peptide hormone' in related articles. |
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1. GenF20 - What you can see from GenF20
October 26, 2009
The growth hormone is a natural peptide hormone, found in Genf20, that maintains the normal rate of growth from birth to adulthood. Historically, the handling of pediatric dwarfism was primarily based on the employment of growth hormone after pituitary subjects died. In 1985 this practice was deserted because it was found that the use of hormones cadavers caused a progressive neurological illness and lethal disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( BSE ) and caused by a slow virus. S. came to develop a growth hormone synthesis. Though terribly costly, the growth hormone has become very ... (read more)
Author: Robert Horton
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2. HGH - How it Helps the Skin
September 21, 2009
Human growth hormone or HGH has been the focus of over 20,000 studies over the past 50 years because of its potential value in promoting health and well-being. While HGH therapy is widely used to alleviate the consequences of growth hormone deficiency, these studies also discovered some notable skin benefits of HGH. Although it has not yet been approved by the FDA, the recently discovered anti-aging benefits of HGH are something that cannot be ignored.
What is HGH?
Human growth hormone (HGH) is the natural peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is even t... (read more)
Author: Francis Adam
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3. The Parathyroid Counterpart - The Complete Opposite of the Parathyroid Hormone
August 03, 2009
The parathyroid hormone is not without a counterpart to regulate its effects on the body. Although parathyroid hormone is mainly secreted in response to low calcium and phosphate levels, the body maintains another mechanism to decrease the levels of calcium should it rise beyond normal levels.
What is the Parathyroid Counterpart? Calcitonin is a peptide hormone composed of 32 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 3400. It is synthesized and secreted by the parafollicular cells or C cells of the thyroid gland. These cells constitute just about 0.1% of the whole thyroid gland.
... (read more)
Author: Ryan English
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4. What Human Growth Hormone is and Keeping Away From Synthetic HGH
July 28, 2009
Human Growth Hormone or HGH as it is commonly called is a peptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It drastically boosts and heightens tissue growth by encouraging protein to form.
Generally it is produced naturally by the brain, but as we age the amount that we produce slows significantly, especially after age 30. It is responsible first and foremost for growth, but it is also thought and looked to be the fountain of youth since this is what enhances tissue repair, cell replacement and brain and enzyme activity.
Because it is thought to be the main hormone for growth HGH has... (read more)
Author: Ryan English
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5. Anti-Aging Therapies: HGH for Anti-Aging
June 02, 2009
In the arsenal of products for anti-aging, HGH or Human Growth Hormone is one of the more controversial. While some research seems to indicate it has anti-aging properties, others say there is little evidence it can do more than build muscle.
HGH is a peptide hormone, a natural substance produced by the pituatary gland. It's primary function is to fuel growth during childhood and maintain tissues during adulthood, and its main clinical use is in the treatment of growth disorders.
It is also an anabolic agent which alters the metabolic process and can be used to artificially stimulate... (read more)
Author: RA Butters
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6. All you need to know about Erythropoietin: A Guide to Steroids
September 19, 2008
Erythropoietin or Hematopoietin, unlike most of other steroids, is a glycoprotein i.e. a peptide hormone with a carbohydrate moiety, which produced and released naturally from the peritubular fibroblasts of the cortex in our kidneys. It is a known cytokine i.e. a signaling hormone known to be involved in cell-cell communication.
Erythropoietin and RBCs:
Erythropoietin is known to stimulate the production of red blood cells (RBCs) and increase the hematocrit i.e. the ratio of the volume occupied by packed red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood or the percentage of blood by ... (read more)
Author: Tarun Gupta
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7. Glucagonoma Detailed Information
September 11, 2008
Glucagonoma is a tumor of the islet cells of the pancreas, which secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon. Glucagonoma is a tumor with a slow rate of growth. Most of the cases start with nonspecific symptoms. Frequency in males and females is nearly equal, although a greater frequency is reported in females. The primary physiological effect of glucagonoma is an overproduction of the peptide hormone glucagon, which enhances blood glucose levels through the activation of catabolic processes including gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. Gluconeogenesis produces glucose from protein and amino acid mat... (read more)
Author: Juliet Cohen
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