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Poland /'po?l?nd/ (help·info) (Polish Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe ^[5][6] bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679&_160;square kilometres (120,726&_160;sq&_160;mi),^[2] making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38&_160;million people,^[2] which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world^[7] and one of the most populous members of the European Union.

The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I, in 966 (see Baptism of Poland), when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. In 1025, Poland became a kingdom and in 1569, it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, by signing the Union of Lublin, forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795 and Poland's territory was partitioned among the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic in 1918, after World War I, but was later occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, emerging several years later as the socialist People's Republic of Poland within the Eastern Bloc, under strong Soviet influence.

During the Revolutions of 1989, communist rule was overthrown and Poland became what is constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic". Poland is a unitary state, made up of sixteen voivodeships (Polish województwo). Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Trade Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now known as Poland. The exact ethnicity and linguistic affiliation of these groups has been hotly debated; in particular the time and route of the original settlement of Slavic peoples in these regions has been the subject of much controversy.

Showing 1 to 25 of 389 Articles matching 'Poland' in related articles.

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1. By punishing the gambling business Poland risks to kill poker playing sector November 05, 2009 Poker rightly or wrongly is often associated with hazard. Nevertheless gambling is based on pure luck and a believe on the part of a player that this day he’ll beat the bank. Although poker playing is an after work entertaining it can hardly be qualified as gambling. Poker playing requires gaining of skills, specific character qualities and strength. I will risk the statement that it is a kind of entertainment for those more intelligent part of strong emotion seekers because of the fact it is not a game for everybody. Thanks to the various online casino and non deposit bonuses anyone ... (read more) Author: Yvonne Miklovic

2. Poland's Solidarity Falls Victim to Own Success November 02, 2009 The collapse of the Berlin Wall ended decades of anti-communist protests by people living in Eastern and Central Europe. Authorities there often used deadly force to put down protests, yet they were unable to stop millions of workers and intellectuals who joined Poland's Solidarity Trade Union from demanding greater personal and political freedoms. What has freedom meant for the shipyard in Gdansk where Solidarity was organized?Poster showing a sheriff walking over the communist party headquarters marks 20th anniversary of Poland's semi-free June 1989 elections that led to the fall of comm... (read more)

3. Appco Poland changes the face of direct marketing October 28, 2009 This is an era where direct marketing companies are mushrooming all over the globe, however only a few survive the challenges in the present global scenario. Appco Group is surviving and maintaining such a credible position due to the comprehensive strategies, cohesive team, dedicated sales force and its share of satisfied customers and clients. The company has been thriving in this competitive world because of the value based business delivered with due consideration on the needs and preferences of the customers. Appco has a systematic marketing procedure to deliver proficient services t... (read more) Author: Appco Group

4. One Nation Under God: Poland and the Catholic Church October 27, 2009 “From 966 A.D. when the Polish people converted to Christianity, the Catholic Church has been a dominant and unifying force in Poland” (Ediger, 301). This statement couldn’t be more understated. While nearly all democracies currently in existence have a strict division between Church and state, Poland defies this normality and allows the Catholic Church to have a loud say in its government. The continuance of the Catholic Church’s values permeating through the government undermine the majority of the public in Poland and continues to be a problem when considering the lack tolerance o... (read more) Author: April Bauer

5. Czech PM Backs New US Missile Defense Plan October 23, 2009 U.S. Vice President Joe Biden has secured the Czech Republic's support for U.S. missile defense plans after winning the backing of fellow NATO allies Poland and Romania.US Vice President Joe Biden (L) is welcomed by Czech Republic's PM Jan Fischer (R) in Prague, 23 Oct 2009Biden met Friday with Czech Prime Minister Jan Fischer, who said his country is ready to participate in the new plan. Biden said Washington will send a high-level defense team to Prague next month for discussions.Prague had previously expressed disappointment in U.S. President Barack Obama's decision to scrap plans to build ... (read more)

6. US Asks Switzerland to Extradite Roman Polanski October 23, 2009 Roman Polanski (file photo)The United States has asked Switzerland to extradite film director Roman Polanski, so he can face court sentencing in California for having sex with a child in 1977.The Swiss justice office said authorities in Zurich will hold a hearing to decide whether Polanski should be sent back to the United States. The justice office said the U.S. extradition request submitted Thursday indicates the Academy Award-winning director could serve up to two years in prison.Swiss police arrested the 76-year-old Polanski in Zurich almost four weeks ago as he arrived to receive a film f... (read more)

7. Missile Defense High on Agenda as Biden Tours Central Europe October 22, 2009 As Vice President Joe Biden tours Central Europe this week, missile defense is high on the agenda. In Poland on Wednesday, Biden secured an agreement to host U.S. antiballistic missiles after original plans for a defensive missile shield were scrapped.US Vice President Joe Biden gestures while delivering a speech at the Central University Library in Bucharest, Romania, 22 Oct 2009According to the White House, Vice President Joe Biden's visit to Poland Wednesday had nothing to do with placating America's disgruntled allies. But here in Warsaw, people were waiting for only one thing - an assuran... (read more)

8. Poland Pledges Cooperation With New Missile Defense Plan October 21, 2009 Vice President Joe Biden visited Poland and received assurances from Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk that Poland will take part in a new missile defense plan. Polish officials said they would host elements of the new plan that was announced last month in Washington. US VP Joe Biden (R) and Polish PM Donald Tusk share a laugh before talks in Warsaw, Poland, 21 Oct 2009Vice President Joe Biden is the first high-level U.S. official to visit Poland since President Barack Obama canceled the planned Central European missile shield proposed by former President George W. Bush. Biden said the new ... (read more)

9. How the governemnts are going to handle legalization of online poker ? October 22, 2009 Poker is going to be legalized in the US as well as in the EU. How and when is the real question though. Not everybody knows what is happening in smaller developing countries in this matter. It’s been very loud recently as the Polish Prime Minister is going to dismiss an entire management of his political cabinet. All because of the gambling scandal. Someone wanted to legalize gambling in Poland so hard that he decided to involve in it most of the PO loyal members. The way was inappropriate though and the scandal appeared on a daylight. Now the prime minister has to be inexorable cutting the h... (read more) Author: Yvonne Miklovic

10. Biden to Visit Poland, Romania, Czech Republic October 20, 2009 US VP Joseph Biden, 19 Oct 2009U.S. Vice President Joe Biden left Washington Tuesday on a four-day trip that will take him to Poland, Romania and the Czech Republic. Biden is scheduled to arrive in Warsaw late Tuesday. He is to hold talks Wednesday with Prime Minister Donald Tusk and President Lech Kaczynski. He travels to Bucharest on Thursday, and Prague on Friday. The White House has denied that Biden is being sent to eastern Europe because of anger in Warsaw and Prague over the administration's decision to scrap a Bush-era plan for a missile shield in Poland and the Czech Republic. Mr. O... (read more)

11. Polish President Signs EU Treaty October 10, 2009 Polish President Lech Kaczynski signs EU's Lisbon Treaty at presidential palace in Warsaw, 10 Oct 2009Poland's president has signed the European Union's reform treaty, leaving the Czech Republic as the only nation yet to ratify the pact.President Lech Kaczynski completed his country's ratification at a ceremony Saturday morning.  Poland's parliament approved the Lisbon Treaty last year.Mr. Kaczynski said he is convinced the new cooperation among sovereign states will be a success.All 27 EU nations must ratify the treaty, which is designed to streamline EU decision making, in order for it ... (read more)

12. Poland to Sign EU Treaty, Czech President Demands Footnotes October 08, 2009 Poland's President Lech Kaczynski (file photo)The office of Polish President Lech Kaczynski says he is set to sign the European Union reform treaty, leaving the Czech Republic as the last remaining holdout.Mr. Kaczynski's office announced Thursday that the signing would take place Saturday at a ceremony attended by European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.But Czech President Vaclav Klaus is putting up more resistance to the reform treaty.  The EU's Swedish Presidency says Mr. Klaus wants to add a two-sentence footnote to a part of the charter pertaining to fundamental rights befo... (read more)

13. Appco Group Poland designs marketing procedures October 08, 2009 This is an era where direct marketing companies are mushrooming all over the globe, however only a few survive the challenges in the present global scenario. Appco Group is surviving and maintaining such a credible position due to the comprehensive strategies, cohesive team, dedicated sales force and its share of satisfied customers and clients. The company has been thriving in this competitive world because of the value based business delivered with due consideration on the needs and preferences of the customers. Appco has a systematic marketing procedure to deliver proficient services to bo... (read more) Author: Appco Group

14. The mightiest man in the world September 30, 2009 One day someone told me that the Pope is the mightiest man in the world and the Vatican is the mightiest State. Today I think that it may be true. A man who’s able to gather millions of faithful sons in a city of Europe in a pair of days and a man who’s able to gather the most important political figures of the world in a square must be a true mighty person. People left Poland, travelled for 30 hours in a bus to reach Rome and queued for more than 13 hours (some of them waited 24 hours!) to see his dead body. People fainted in the queue, others suffered the hot sun of the day and the cold wind... (read more) Author: William Doyle

15. Did the Sabbath change to Sunday? September 29, 2009 In over 105 languages Saturday translates to Sabbath. In Italy it is called Sabbato, in Russia Subbota, in Portugal Sabbado, in Spain Sabado and in Poland Sobota. All of these names mean “Sabbath” or “rest day” in the various languages. The fourth commandment of the Bible says Exo 20:8-11 “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God…” So if Saturday, or more accurately Sunset Friday to Sunset Saturday, is the true Sabbath of the Lord, then why do people go to church on Sunday? Who... (read more) Author: William Doyle

16. Intelligence Analyst Looks at Conflicts and Progress in Next 100 Years September 29, 2009 The Next 100 Years by George Friedman In the century ahead, there will be wars fought from space, between nations that are friendly with each other today. Populations will decline and industrialized nations will compete for immigrant labor. Poland, Turkey, Mexico and Japan will emerge as great powers. These are just some of the startling predictions made by George Friedman, founder and chief executive officer of Stratfor, an Austin, Texas-based global intelligence company. In his new book, The Next 100 Years, published by Doubleday, Friedman provides a look at how he believes the world will ch... (read more)

17. Earn Money by Teaching English Abroad October 02, 2009 Do you want to live abroad and work as a teacher? You can teach English to non-English speaking countries. There as a high demand for these professionals especially all across Asia. Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, Turkey, Thailand and Taiwan are just some of the Asian countries looking for English speaking teachers. Even European countries like Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and France and also some South American countries like, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Brazil and Argentina offer teaching opportunities English is the widely accepted secondary language of the world.... (read more) Author: Tyson Hale

18. Poland Casinos September 29, 2009 Poland is situated right in the heart of Europe and may be that is the reason behind the fact that it is adored by many tourists from around the globe. Poland offers historical landmarks such as Auschwitz, and romantic environment with architecture from centuries ago, but also the glamour and excitement of Poland Casinos. Poland casinos are the only form of legal gambling available in the country with about 25 of them in total, situated all over the country in order to serve and entertain all those in search of lady luck. Warsaw, which is also Poland's capital boast of the highest number ... (read more) Author: William Doyle

19. Golda's Stories Of The Holocaust September 28, 2009 The True Stories of a Holocaust Survivor who Survived Six Years in the Concentration Camps. Golda Sandman was born in the small city of Strachovitsa in south Poland. At the beginning of World War II she was a girl age eighteen. After the occupation by the Germans she was sent from the ghetto to a work camp in the city. Later she was sent to Auschwitz Birkenau and from there to Bergen-Belzen. She spent totally six years in concentration camps. After the war ended she went to Sweden, and from there immigrated to the Land of Israel in illegal immigrants' ship. After hard years of... (read more) Author: William Doyle

20. Leadership Lessons From Pope John Paul II September 24, 2009 "Heroes are rebels with a cause. Rebels because they challenge the traditional ways of thinking and refuse to follow the herd. They have a cause, a vision, that's larger than life." - Sharif Khan, author of Psychology of the Hero Soul From a small-town Polish boy born to a retired army officer to become Pope; from a hard life in Nazi occupied Poland, his mother dead of kidney and heart failure, an older brother dead from scarlet fever, to become quite possibly “man of the century.” How did such an unlikely candidate for the head of the Roman Catholic Church rise so quickly to such prominenc... (read more) Author: William Doyle

21. Quick History of World War Two - European Theater September 24, 2009 The War's beginning? Some would say that World War Two began with Germany’s Invasion of Poland on the 1st September 1939 and the ultimatum of Britain that without a German withdrawal a State of War would exist. Needless to say there was no German withdrawal and WWII began, Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declaring war on the 3rd of September 1939 Others would argue that world war two was simply the second round of world war one. Although the major powers had yet to realise it the continuance of the war between the Axis and Allies would result in the end of European dominance o... (read more) Author: William Doyle

22. First Teams To Classify To The World Cup Second Round September 22, 2009 At first, there were thirty two teams competing for a common goal in Germany: make their best effort and classify to the next round. Three countries have already achieved this. Germany, England and Ecuador have earned their tickets to the next round of the FIFA World Cup 2006. Costa Rica, Poland and Paraguay have been eliminated. World Cup host country Germany, is leading Group A along with Ecuador, with 6 points each one while Costa Rica and Poland have no points. England is having its best streak since World War II as they have won eight straight games. The final score on the game bet... (read more) Author: William Doyle

23. Dudek excluded from the 23 Man List for Poland's National Team September 22, 2009 The goalkeeper star from Liverpool, Jerzy Dudek was a shocking omission to the list of 23 men that coach Pawel Janas made on when he gave his picks for the 2006 World Cup squad that Poland is taking to Germany. Dudek has lost his place to Legia Warsaw‘s stopper Lukasz Fabianski and the coach said his lack of practice with the national team had piled up against him. Dudek is a very good goal keeper; we can confirm that by reviewing his performance in last year’s Champions League Final when his penalty stops helped Liverpool beat AC Milan. The bad thing is he has played very few games with Po... (read more) Author: William Doyle

24. Russians Now In Charge of U.S. Defense Policy September 20, 2009 The Obama administration just canceled plans for the placement of a missile defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic. Why was this system canceled? It was canceled because the Russians didn't like it. The system would have been useful in protecting the U.S. and our allies from the Iranians and the Russians. The Russians don?t feel that America deserves to be able to defend itself, and the Obama administration agrees. The message to our former allies in central Europe was loud and clear: You are on your own against the Russians. Jon Kyl, the Senate Minority Whip, st... (read more) Author: Robert Bell

25. Things To Do On A Germany Trip September 18, 2009 Germany is suitable more and more accepted with families on festival staying in nature catering apartments and festival villas. Germany is situated in Central Europe. Denmark bordered the country, Austria, Switzerland, Poland and Belgium. Sun lovers collect to Germany in the summer months and many choose to deferment in a luxury cottage with a swimming assemble. In the iciness months, it is extremely current with winter sport enthusiasts, festival rentals are unfilled to rent in all the chief ski resorts from ski chalets to character catering apartments. There are a limitless numbe... (read more) Author: Jessica Santoli

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