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Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.

Proteins were first described by the Dutch chemist Gerhardus Johannes Mulder and named by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1838. The central role of proteins in living organisms was however not fully appreciated until 1926, when James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a protein.[3] The first protein to be sequenced was insulin, by Frederick Sanger, who won the Nobel Prize for this achievement in 1958. The first protein structures to be solved were hemoglobin and myoglobin, by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, respectively, in 1958.[4][5] The three-dimensional structures of both proteins were first determined by x-ray diffraction analysis; Perutz and Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for these discoveries. Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, and mass spectrometry.

Proteins are linear polymers built from series of up to 20 different L-a-amino acids. All amino acids possess common structural features, including an a-carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain are bonded. Only proline differs from this basic structure as it contains an unusual ring to the N-end amine group, which forces the CO–NH amide moiety into a fixed conformation.[6] The side chains of the standard amino acids, detailed in the list of standard amino acids, have a great variety of chemical structures and properties; it is the combined effect of all of the amino acid side chains in a protein that ultimately determines its three-dimensional structure and its chemical reactivity.[7]

Showing 1 to 25 of 500 Articles matching 'Protein' in related articles.
Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Next >>

1. Cirrhosis of Liver Prevention and Treatment
November 21, 2009

Cirrhosis of the liver is permanent damage to the liver by scar tissue. Although alcoholic liver disease is one of the major causes of cirrhosis, it is not the only one, accounting for only about half of the cases. Cirrhosis of liver is a disease and problem of the liver in which scar tissues are formed. Cirrhosis of liver may result due to any injury or chronic disease. Liver has many vital and important functions to do such as it helps to make protein, fight against the infection, remove the toxins from the blood, helps in digestion and also stores energy for future use. But if your liv... (read more)

Author: adrianna smith

2. The Functions of Near Infrared Reflectance
November 21, 2009

Near infrared reflectance is now being widely used in analyzing a lot of different food and agricultural products, since it provides a non-destructive and quick assay that only needs little or no sample pretreatment. NIR reflectance provides routine screening for food products and analyzes them for moisture, starch, protein, oil, lysine, fiber, sucrose, and grain texture. As for the relevance of near infrared reflectance, it is used to verify the ability of the NIR spectroscopic method in identifying different raw materials, thus pushing quality control to a higher level. Aside from that,... (read more)

Author: Alexa Anderson

3. The Benefits of a NIR Analyzer
November 21, 2009

The NIR analyzer is the latest tool when it comes to process analytical technology. NIR analysis is used for evaluating different pharmaceutical formulations, whether it be solid or liquid. Since the NIR infrared is an advanced tool, it has increased in sensitivity and precision as compared to its forerunners. Moreover, the NIR analyzer is fast, safe, and cost-effective. If you want to quantify protein, fat, and moisture, then the NIR analyzer is the best tool for that. It can do the job in a quick manner without destroying the constituents needed. Moreover, you can also analyze both soli... (read more)

Author: Alexa Anderson

4. The Many Health Benefits of Avocado
November 21, 2009

Who does not know avocado? The fruit that came from the Central America and Mexico in addition to this delicious also really contain a lot of benefits. Avocado contains at least 11 vitamins and 14 minerals that are useful. Avocado is rich in protein, riboflavin (or known as vitamin B2), niacin (known as or vitamin B3), potassium (or better known as potassium), and vitamin C. Besides being a heart healthy fruit, avocado helps in promoting overall good health with Vitamin E, Vitamin K, lutein and beta-carotene. Avocados have the highest fiber content of any fruit, which is beneficial in hea... (read more)

Author: Emma Arsanti

5. Best Bodybuilding Supplements For Bodybuilders
November 21, 2009

To obtain big muscles progressively, you want a weightlifting workout with augmenting size of weights, to take about 6 protein rich meals every day and making certain that you get enough rest after working out. Taking 6 meals a day is not as easy as it appears. Protein shakes eliminate the need to prepare 6 meals. The protein shakes should thus be prepared in such a fashion that they contain maximum calories and protein. For the meals, the best source of protein include : whey, cottage cheese, eggs, chicken or turkey and fish. Beef could be included but it's got to be lean since mea... (read more)

Author: Jarrett Hyde

6. 9 Training Practices That Can Hinder Muscle Growth
November 21, 2009

You're doing cardio in the morning on an empty stomach...Check. You've cut out all but 75 grams of carbs per day...Check. You've added two additional protein meals to help retain muscle...Check. You're changing course every five days out of frustration???? Hey, wait just a darned second!!! You may find yourself bewildered as to why you're not getting the results you desire out of your diet, but the answers may be much easier to find than you think. In fact, if you actually wrote out what it is you are doing, each week, in some form, you might be surprised at what you find. It's... (read more)

Author: Dane Fletcher

7. Tips on nutrition and building muscle
November 21, 2009

Good nutrition is important. Healthy people will exhibit each of these things. Good nutrition involves consuming a variety of foods in appropriate amounts. No one food provides all the substances the body needs (nutrients) for good health: protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and many others. Good nutrition needs involves making healthy food choices. A regular exercise program is also important to good health. Good nutrition also reduces your risk for developing AMD (age-related macular degeneration) that can lead to blindness. Good nutrition is essential for normal or... (read more)

Author: Jared Dwyer

8. The Importance of Healthy Foods and Healthy Eating Habits for Children
November 20, 2009

Many parents feel having trouble with healthy foods and healthy eating habits in their children. Not all children like healthy foods. Often we find a child who will not eat vegetables, fruits, or fish. Actually, the first must be recognized by the parents is that parents need to adjust the amount of nutrients that are consumed by their children for nutritional needs of each child is different. There are at least minimum standards that must be consumed for the child is fat, protein and carbohydrates. These nutrients can be obtained from the variety of foods consumed. Fat consumption to 30% of... (read more)

Author: Emma Arsanti

9. The Advantages Of Juicing
November 20, 2009

Juicing is becoming more and more popular these days and it is because of the nutritional value that it provides you each and every time that you make a drink. The U.S. is becoming more and more health conscious these days as we become aware of the growing problem with obesity these days so that is why there seems to be an increasing popularity in diets that are more healthy. One way to become healthier is by juicing. Juicing provides a large amount of daily recommended vitamins and minerals and can help jump start your day by giving you excess amounts of energy and protein which help i... (read more)

Author: Matt LeClair

10. Egg White Supplements: Add Muscle Lose Weight
November 20, 2009

Egg albescent attach is one of the few health supplements promoting hooligan ontogeny and at the aforementioned time helping retrograde weight. This high protein low macromolecule fasting is excellent for athletes, bodybuilders and those wishing to reduce the unwanted extra fat yet stay healthy. If you are also dreaming of that stunning muscular physique without being obese, this albescent portion of foodstuff is surely for you. The albescent area of the foodstuff contains forty forms of proteins in their purest form. Unlike the yolk, which has high cholesterol content, the albescent portion ... (read more)

Author: camilynn123 camil

11. Top diet pills you can choose on the web.
November 19, 2009

There are 3 vital factors to think about when deciding on what the top diet pills on the market are. First, is it safe? 2nd, is it effective? Third, is it really good for you? Acai berry weight loss supplements are the best thing you can get. First, they are good for you. There are tons of antioxidants, omega fatty acids, diet fiber, and even protein in them. 2nd, they are effective. You'll frequently find Acai berries mixed with other proven weight loss aids like Hoodia for a complete diet pill. Third, it is safe. There are no known side effects. Top diet pills for girls are made o... (read more)

Author: Kim Gates

12. Glutathione Side Effects - What Are They?
November 19, 2009

Many would like to know what are glutathione side effects. What are they? Find out here! I am often asked the question, "What Are Glutathione Side Effects?" To start off with, it would be good to know what glutathione is and what functions it has in the body. Glutathione is a beneficial protein in every cell of your body, and it functions as an antioxidant, immune system optimizer, detoxifier , energy restorer, and antiaging protein. So now we need to know : What are the side effects of glutathione? This is a tricky question, since this question usually comes up with drugs or pharmaceutica... (read more)

Author: Laura McCallum

13. Getting in healthier lifestyle with quick weight loss.
November 19, 2009

A gigantic part of getting into a fitter lifestyle is adopting a better eating habit. Having a balanced intake of calcium-rich foods, whole grains, and protein laden products will also keep you in track. To be able to maintain eating a healthy diet, you must also know your limitations of fats, salt and sugars levels, and intakes. Also, you may observe your body weight regularly for you to identify if your body is soaking up all the nutrients that it needs , so, you will get into a healthier lifestyle with quick weight loss. Anyone who wants to lose weight knows that if you can speed up you... (read more)

Author: Victor Hogan

14. Egg White Supplements: Add Muscle Lose Weight
November 18, 2009

Egg white supplement is one of the few health supplements promoting muscle growth and at the same time helping lose weight. This high protein low carbohydrate diet is excellent for athletes, bodybuilders and those wishing to reduce the unwanted extra fat yet stay healthy. If you are also dreaming of that stunning muscular physique without being obese, this white portion of egg is surely for you.The white area of the egg contains forty forms of proteins in their purest form. Unlike the yolk, which has high cholesterol content, the white portion of the egg has very less amount of calories, fats,... (read more)

Author: Anirban Bhattacharya

15. Kidney Cleanse
November 19, 2009

Kidney stones are accumulations of mineral salts that may lodge anywhere along the urinary tract. 80% of the time, they're calcium stones ( calcium oxalate ), a condition known as hypercalciuria. This is principally due to a diet consisting of too much animal protein. The consumption of animal protein is strongly associated with oxalate production. The body reacts by manufacturing too much acids to digest beef and other high-protein animal and fish foods. The surplus acids cause the pH balance of the blood to become too acidic. The body leeches calcium ( an alkaline mineral ) from the b... (read more)

Author: John Walsh

16. An Introduction to Medifast
November 19, 2009

If you're ready to start concentrating on your weight loss and stop thinking about what and how to eat, then Medifast is ready to be the help you're looking for. The meal delivery program from Medifast does most of the work for you, so that you can concentrate on getting healthy. What is different about Medifast than most other meal replacements is that it's primarily a soft foods diet, with some whole foods. The diet is high protein and can help you lose as much as 20 pounds in one month. The Medifast food offerings include a menu of meal replacement shakes, snack bars, soups, pudding, o... (read more)

Author: Jim Mackey

17. Undenatured Whey Protein : What's So Special?
November 19, 2009

What is undenatured whey protein? Can I buy it in a health food store? What does it do, and why should I use it? Let’s start first with whey protein in general. This is the protein that has been isolated from whey. Whey is the liquid material that is left behind after the solids have been removed from cow’s milk. Manufacturers have processed this protein into mixtures that can be used for building muscle or for muscle building and muscle development. You can find a large array of whey protein powder to make a breakfast smoothie, or protein drink, at any general nutrition, weight traini... (read more)

Author: Laura McCallum

18. The Best Foods That Burn Fat? Protein!
November 19, 2009

By incorporating the best foods that burn fat, you will be able to make your weight loss and fitness efforts work more effectively. This is so because calories are not created equal, and some foods are more effective fat burners than others. One of the best foods that burn fat is lean, high quality protein. Protein does not stimulate insulin production the way that carbohydrates do, so your calories aren't stored away; also, the body can more efficiently use fat as fuel for the day. Additionally, consuming protein is a good way to keep hunger at bay. Since a high protein meal will ma... (read more)

Author: Sean Nalewanyj

19. What makes skin the way it is!
November 19, 2009

Collagen is a protein that up about 25% of the protein in the human body. Collagen is important for the skin. Indeed, it is the principal structural protein holding the skin together. It is basically a fiber or, when fully mature, a mesh of fibers. Collagen is present in majority of organs, not just the skin. It occurs in different forms in different places. Having a lot of collagen in your skin is not enough. Even having the right mix of the collagen types is not enough. It is also important that collagen be undamaged and properly deposited. The quantity and quality of your skin's collag... (read more)

Author: Albert Wessel

20. Non Steroidal Supplements: Nutrex
November 16, 2009

Nutrex supplements are the most commonly used supplements for muscle building today used by a large number of body builders. The best thing about nutrex supplements is that they are not steroidal based as the other supplements so the body doesn't get into a habit of strictly taking it. It definitely contains all the desired proteins, nutrients that the body requires to gain muscle mass and flash those lovely, well carved and cut muscles of your body. Nutrex supplements are mainly based on the chemical compound 6-Keto Diosgenin. This protein is one of the premier most in the business of muscle ... (read more)

Author: Francis Adam

21. Low Fat Not No Fat
November 18, 2009

Eating less fat (and less saturated fat, in particular) is one of the best things you can d for your health and our body shape. Cutting back on fat makes it easier to maintain a healthy weight. Gram for gram, fat packs in more calories than either carbohydrate or protein. So 10 grams of pure fat supply 370 kilojoules, while 10 grams of pure carbohydrate or pr protein have only 170 kilojoules. Low fat foods such as potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables, fruit, breads, cereals and beans are the basis of sound weight loss programmes for this reason. They are filling, nutritious foods that wo... (read more)

Author: Lynda Barry

22. Things That You Prefer To Eat
November 16, 2009

We've entered the Twilight Zone when it comes to the multitude of diets being promoted today. Starting with the Atkins Diet, then the South Beach Diet, now the Hamptons Diet and more. All higher in protein, lower in carbs, but the dissimilarity should be quality of carbs, not singling out one nutrient entirely. If you are on the Atkins Diet, South Beach Diet or any other deviation of a high protein/low carb diet simply adjust from eating low quality carbs like refined flour and sugar products (think if it comes in a box, it's likely low quality) to eating more whole food products like fresh ve... (read more)

Author: Reed Carney

23. Vitamin C - What You Need to Know.
November 16, 2009

This trusty old "cure" for the common cold is actually a lot more important than we realise. Vitamin C is vital in the development of a protein which gives structure to bones, cartilage muscle and blood vessels and it also aids in the absorption if iron. Pretty important really! This is why it is so essential to recognise the signs of a vitamin C deficiency. Some of the more well known signs of Vitamin C deficiency include weakness, repeated infections, bruising easily, swollen gums and nosebleeds. Foods that can be found rich in vitamin C are fresh fruit and vegetables, especially citr... (read more)

Author: jeremy potter

24. The Correct Compounds For Replenishing Your Skins Collagen and Elastin
November 16, 2009

It is obvious to everyone looking to reduce wrinkles that the replenishment of the skins collagen and elastin is imperative. The trouble is that there are almost no products available to you that will return these protein based tissues to the levels they need to be at in order for you to look younger. This includes all of the collagen and elastin based formulas on the market.Companies have pushed products containing collagen and elastin for years, as the answer to your problem. Replacing these tissues directly through the skin would seem to make perfect sense as a solution, but the fact is tha... (read more)

Author: Yu Morita

25. As Good As New Complex
November 16, 2009

As Good As New Complex As the body ages, this leads to a lot of important demographic and economic implications. Aging is a biological process which has molecular bases; some of these are increases in chromosomal structural abnormalities, DNA cross-linking, frequency of single strand breaks, a decline in DNA methylation and loss of DNA telomeric sequences. In protein synthesis, there is increased post-translational changes, deamination, oxidation, cross-linking and non-enzymatic glycation. There are two theories of aging—one is genetic and the other is the random damage theory. The... (read more)

Author: Gabs Laguna

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