Amazines Free Article Archive
www.amazines.com - Saturday, November 21, 2009
Read about the most recent changes and happenings at Amazines.com
Log into your account or register as a new author. Start submitting your articles right now!
Search our database for articles.
Subscribe to receive articles emailed straight to your email account. You may choose multiple categories.
View our newest articles submitted by our authors.
View our most top rated articles rated by our visitors.
* Please note that this is NOT the ARTICLE manager
Add a new EZINE, or manage your EZINE submission.
Add fresh, free web content to your site such as newest articles, web tools, and quotes with a single piece of code!
Home What's New? Submit/Manage Articles Latest Posts Top Rated Article Search Subscriptions Manage Ezines
CATEGORIES
 Article Archive
 Advertising (23915)
 Advice (37520)
 Affiliate Programs (11582)
 Art and Culture (12364)
 Automotive (23970)
 Blogs (8073)
 Boating (1264)
 Books (2620)
 Buddhism (65)
 Business (142973)
 Business News (11569)
 Business Opportunities (22039)
 Camping (1814)
 Career (12940)
 Christianity (4934)
 Collecting (1714)
 Communication (30949)
 Computers (31980)
 Construction (3058)
 Consumer (12589)
 Cooking (4168)
 Copywriting (1327)
 Crafts (3112)
 Cuisine (1250)
 Current Affairs (4781)
 Dating (18818)
 EBooks (5043)
 E-Commerce (11570)
 Education (27227)
 Electronics (13931)
 Email (1736)
 Entertainment (33300)
 Environment (8193)
 Ezine (688)
 Ezine Publishing (2475)
 Ezine Sites (647)
 Family & Parenting (28367)
 Fashion & Cosmetics (26502)
 Female Entrepreneurs (3306)
 Finance & Investment (85070)
 Fitness (29943)
 Food & Beverages (13383)
 Free Web Resources (2102)
 Gambling (8540)
 Gardening (6869)
 Government (2848)
 Health (141323)
 Hinduism (9)
 Hobbies (16052)
 Home Business (20723)
 Home Improvement (34992)
 Home Repair (8867)
 Humor (1488)
 Import - Export (863)
 Insurance (11980)
 Interior Design (6724)
 International Property (1091)
 Internet (36325)
 Internet Marketing (53773)
 Investment (7915)
 Islam (10)
 Law (11242)
 Link Popularity (1157)
 Manufacturing (2604)
 Marketing (32974)
 MLM (6000)
 Motivation (10248)
 Music (5217)
 New to the Internet (2654)
 Non-Profit Organizations (772)
 Online Shopping (22094)
 Organizing (1594)
 Party Ideas (3520)
 Pets (11646)
 Poetry (371)
 Press Release (3378)
 Public Speaking (1271)
 Publishing (2178)
 Quotes (438)
 Real Estate (30251)
 Recreation & Leisure (25612)
 Relationships (33095)
 Research (2451)
 Sales (10394)
 Science & Technology (13948)
 Search Engines (5537)
 Self Improvement (42708)
 Seniors (1577)
 Sexuality (12612)
 Small Business (13677)
 Software (13548)
 Spiritual (8896)
 Sports (26092)
 Tax (1744)
 Telecommuting (8421)
 Travel & Tourism (44959)
 UK Property Investment (713)
 Video Games (303)
 Web Traffic (3785)
 Website Design (12727)
 Website Promotion (12738)
 World News (1000+)
 Writing (9011)
Author Spotlight
TRALIECE BRADFORD

Traliece Bradford is a writer/businesswoman who enjoys sharing with others her experiences that coul...more
LEN ROE

Len has been working the Internet for more than a decade. His goal is to make the art of Internet Mo...more
TRACY ROBERTS

Tracy Roberts is the Editorial Coordinator for Write For You Field Services. Tracy has a degree in E...more
FRANK FROGGATT

I am a full time construction worker at present but work all of my spare time with web publishing. I...more
BRENT VANDERSTELT

Russell Domains & Web Hosting Mona View Holdings LLC, real estate, foreclosures, developm...more
MARCIANO GUERRERO

Retired. Former investment banker, Columbia University-educated, Vietnam Vet (67-68), and now colleg...more
ELIE NASSOUR

Successful entrepreneur working from home making the money I always wanted and living the life of fi...more
KRISTOFFER HOWES

Kristoffer Howes is (TWMG) The Weal Media Group's CEO and Corporate SEO Team Leader. TWMG provides ...more
JESSE WHITEHEAD

Jesse Whitehead happily lives with his family in California's San Joaquin Valley. He loves to write...more
GARY CAINE

Gary Caine started his first relationship site in 1999 and since then has reviewed hundreds of artic...more





Google
 




Search Results - Seed predation

Type in a word or phrase to search, you can also type in Article ID's separated by commas:

Seed predation, often referred to as granivory, is a type of plant-animal interaction in which granivores (seed predators) feed on the seeds of plants as a main or exclusive food source (Hulme and Benkman 2002), in many cases leaving the seeds damaged and not viable. Granivores are found across many families of vertebrates and invertebrates (especially mammals, birds and insects) (Janzen 1971); thus, seed predation occurs in virtually all ecosystems (see further readings). Seed predation is commonly divided into two distinctive temporal categories, pre-dispersal and post-dispersal predation, which may involve different strategies and requirements and have different implications at the individual and population level. Nevertheless, regardless of timing, seed predation has great implications for plant population dynamics (see below). To counterbalance effects of predation, plants have evolved defenses such as seed morphology (size, shape, toughness) and chemical defenses (secondary compounds such as tannins and alkaloids) to defend against their seed predators (see below). However, as plants have adapted defenses to seed predation (e.g., chemical compounds), so have seed predators adapted to plant defenses (e.g., ability to detoxify chemical compounds). Thus, many interesting examples of coevolution arise from this dynamic relationship.

Plant seeds are important sources of nutrition for animals across most ecosystems. Seeds contain food storage organs (e.g., endosperm) that provide nutrients to the developing plant embryo (cotyledon). This makes seeds an attractive food source for animals because they a highly concentrated and localized nutrient source in relation to other plant parts.

Seeds of many plants have evolved a variety of defenses to deter predation from seed predators. Plants may allocate resources toward physical or chemical defenses. Seeds are often contained inside protective structures or fruit pulp that encapsulate seeds until they are ripe. Other physical defenses include spines, hairs, fibrous seed coats and hard endosperm.

Some seeds have evolved strong anti-herbivore chemical compounds. In contrast to physical defenses, chemical defenses in seeds to deter consumption by seed predators by using chemicals that are toxic to granivores or inhibit the digestibility of the seed. These chemicals include non-protein amino acids, cyanogenic-gycosides, protease and amylase inhibitors, Phytohaemaglutinins (Herrera and Pellmyr 2002). Seeds face trade-offs between allocation toward defenses and the size and number of seeds produced. Additionally plants have trade-offs in seed defense allocation between deterring seed predators and attracting seed dispersers.

Showing 1 to 0 of 0 Articles matching 'Seed predation' in related articles.
Pages:

Pages:


 Author Login 
Email Address:

Password:


Forgot your password?
Register for Author Account

 

Advertiser Login

 

ADVERTISE HERE NOW!
   Limited Time $60 Offer!
 

 









HomeLinksAbout UsContact UsPrivacy PolicyFAQResources
Copyright © 2009, All rights reserved.
Some pages may contain portions of text relating to certain topics obtained from wikipedia.org under the GNU FDL license