Search Results - Self (psychology)
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The self is a key construct in several schools of psychology, broadly referring to the cognitive representation of one's identity. The earliest formulation of the self in modern psychology from the distinction between the self as I, the subjective knower, and the self as Me, the object that is known. [1] Current views of the self in psychology diverge greatly from this early conception, positioning the self as playing an integral part in human motivation, cognition, affect, and social identity. [2]Kohut argued that when the child's ambitions and exhibitionistic strivings were chronically frustrated, arrests in the grandiose self led to the preservation of a false, expansive sense of self that could manifest outwardly, in the visible grandiosity of the frank narcissist, or remain hidden from view, unless discovered in a narcissistic therapeutic transference (or selfobject transference) that would expose these primitive grandiose fantasies and strivings. Kohut termed this form of transference a mirror transference. In this transference, the strivings of the grandiose self are mobilized and the patient attempts to use the therapist to gratify these strivings. Kohut proposed that arrests in the pole of ideals occurred when the child suffered chronic and excessive disappointment over the failings of early idealized figures. Deficits in the pole of ideals were associated with the development of an idealizing transference to the therapist who becomes associated with the patient's primitive fantasies of omnipotent parental perfection. Kohut believed that narcissistic injuries were inevitable and, in any case, necessary to temper ambitions and ideals with realism through the experience of more manageable frustrations and disappointments. It was the chronicity and lack of recovery from these injuries (arising from a number of possible causes) that he regarded as central to the preservation of primitive self systems untempered by realism.
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Showing 1 to 15 of 15 Articles matching 'Self (psychology)' in related articles. |
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1. The High Cost of Short-Term Romantic Involvement
November 16, 2009
We can learn a great deal from History. The details in old stories awake our curiosity. Knowing what has happened in the past gives us perspective. Trying to figure out explanations renders us thoughtful; comparing sources, insightful. Theories unconfirmed by facts prompt a man to stop, not to move. Doubts make us reflect and yearn for proof.
Giacomo Casanova's autobiography is an outstanding literary achievement that has elevated its author to the prototype of perfect seducer. Few novels or essays have equalled his vivid depiction of the best and worst in human nature. His portrayal of v... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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2. Rational Values Are the Basis of Great Relationships
November 16, 2009
Relinquishing individual thinking and embracing a standard lifestyle brings enormous advantages. For instance, it will save you time when making decisions. It will also spare you embarrassment when it comes to hiding the truth. However, irrationality and conformity cannot provide the basis for good relationships.
The opposite side of the psychological spectrum is filled by non-conformity, which often boils down to blind loyalty to some other style. For instance, non-conformists prefer to practise dangerous sports instead of spending their holidays on the beach.
Their hobbies might in... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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3. Waiting for the World to Change is a Waste of Time
November 16, 2009
One day, human beings will inhabit a perfect world. There will be no violence and no poverty. Productivity will be high and consumption will take place without waste. Everybody will be healthy, the environment clean, and Nature, most of the year, green.
The question is how long it is going to take before we get to live in such an ideal planet. Some say a hundred years, others speak about seven times seven generations. Reaching such goal depends on so many factors that no one can give a precise estimation.
Having ambitious plans for the world keeps people debating on talk radio and te... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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4. Self-Confidence Arises From Preparedness
November 10, 2009
If you are well prepared, good things will happen to you. Closed doors will open, opportunities will materialize, and jobs will become available. Preparedness brings not only material benefits, but also psychological, such as self-reliance, which is a highly desirable trait in all walks of life.
Through education, apprehensive kids can become stars. Through training, people who are fearful of every shadow can thrive in new challenges. Through preparation, men who are suspicious of every innovation can turn themselves into self-confident individuals.
We should all welcome any means an... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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5. Abandon Perfectionism Right Now
November 10, 2009
When misfortune and tragedy strike, it is wise to avoid the delusion of perfectionism. The belief that you should do something flawlessly or not at all is erroneous, unrealistic, and counter-productive.
Despite the fact that television and magazines are full of recommendations to be positive, have confidence, and hope for better times, perfectionism and the resulting discouragement are rampant in contemporary society, possibly more than in any previous era of humanity. Few are able to keep a cool head when they face continuous obstacles. Frustration derived from hardship frequently leads ... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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6. Do Not Engage in Pointless Debates
November 10, 2009
It doesn't pay to engage in verbal fights with irrational people. They will dismiss your well-thought arguments. They will ignore facts and figures. They will wear you down and, in extreme cases, they might make you doubt your senses. Most of us would be already millionaires if we had been paid for all the hours that we have wasted in useless discussions.
Nevertheless, no matter what business you are in, you probably make part of your money through your dealings with irrational customers, colleagues, or employees. The world being what it is, there are few ways to make a living without hav... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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7. Relationship Advice - Find Excellent Information That You Can Count On
November 05, 2009
When you need relationship advice, beware of the self-styled experts on relationship issues. If you are serious in improving your relationship, then evaluate the experts on the basis of their experiences and skills. Many people rely on friends and family for getting expert advice to improve their relationship. Do you think it can yield fruitful results?
Certainly, the job of an expert relationship consultant is far more serious and involves an in-depth study of human psychology and science. While friends are great for providing moral support you should rely on professionals that can help... (read more)
Author: Robbie Becklund
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8. The Secret of Music
November 02, 2009
We at least have to know the size, area of origin, and type of instrument. Based on its size, there is a small to large and short to large. These tools also come from various regions in the world. Also any type of variety, an example we know the name guitars, Angklung, drums, piano, and much more. Each of the instruments has unique characteristics and its own tone and philosophy.
Specificity and uniqueness of it is potential. Potential owned by each of these instruments can then be actualized with the good, true, and beautiful when guarded, nurtured and developed by the souls who sincerel... (read more)
Author: waluyo waluyo
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9. Explore alternative options
November 01, 2009
You should never believe anyone who tells you that you only have one option, in particular when that person tries to justify his view by quoting some trite anti-philosophical remark. Never pay attention to people who tell you that, in life, you cannot get what you want. The ability to find alternative paths is critical to get out of losing situations. If your parts supplier tells you that you have no choice, find a new supplier. If your internet provider acts as though you have no alternative, change providers. If an expensive computer repair shop tells you that they are the only experts ... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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10. Immobility is the Enemy of Achievement
November 01, 2009
Why would anyone devote efforts to convince himself that he cannot improve his own situation? Although many individuals are conscious of the disadvantages of psychological immobility, such paralysis is frequently endorsed. Millions of men and women fall prey to self-imposed restrictions that they could remove if they wished. Why are restraining beliefs so ingrained in society? What makes human beings support fantasies in word and deed? How is it possible that some people devote their energies to pretending that paralysis is an acceptable approach to living? Three reasons explain why ... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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11. Reduce Strategy to a Simple Formula
November 01, 2009
Consistency is the key to clear thinking. Aristotle described the principles of logical reasoning already in the year 345 B.C. Twenty four centuries later, his conclusions remain applicable. Entities should be defined on the basis of their essential characteristics. Actions lead to consequences. Today's events are the result of previous occurrences. Those few principles govern reality.
When a man formulates his long-term objectives, he should strive to write them clearly and break them down into simple steps. A comprehensive philosophy that cannot be summarized into a few sentences is of ... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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12. Where Are You In Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs?
October 29, 2009
As a social work and psychology student, Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs was a theory in which we focused a great deal of time. According to Maslow, there are five levels of needs, ranging from physiological to self-actualization. It is difficult to move from one level to the next without first meeting your needs at the lower level. If you can identify where you are currently at in the hierarchy, it will give you a better understanding of where you are coming from and what you need to do to reach the fifth and final step, self-actualization. The first level, at the base of the pyramid... (read more)
Author: Sharon Mikrut
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13. Pursue Compatible Goals
October 26, 2009
Ideas are precious and constitute the basis of civilization. Without the concepts of free trade, freedom of speech, and human rights, our standard of living would rapidly fall to medieval levels. Personal goals shape a sustained vision that transforms our talents into valuable products of services.
Closed doors reflect fear of change. Rational objectives will take you forward, but it is essential that those are compatible. Inconsistent principles rob each other's force and deplete each other's resources. Keep you door open to new concepts and ideas, but make sure that those are logically ... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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14. Describe Your Future in One Sentence
October 26, 2009
Lies, sweet lies. How much we love them and what ridiculous price we are willing to pay for them! "Men should avoid the distractions of pretence and delusion," wrote German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in the year 1842. "Expectations disconnected from reality always result in disappointment and sorrow."
A clear perception of the world brings man unlimited rewards, but learning to see the truth is seldom easy and never without cost. Only by developing an ambitious and realistic vision of the future can man escape the trap of paralysis. Without sharply-defined objectives, we tend to fall... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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15. The Advantage of Having Limited Resources
October 26, 2009
"Their ships are too small and too frail," maintained King Harold in 1065. "England is perfectly safe. There is absolutely no risk of a Viking invasion." Since the king had himself extensive experience as sailor, the barons and dukes of England assumed that he knew what he was talking about. Was King Harold's conclusion based on facts?
Viking or Norman ships are called cogs due to their simple construction technique, whereby pieces of wood are cut so as to fit together without need of nails. Since cogs were equipped with just one mast and one sail, they were easy to handle.
Cogs were... (read more)
Author: John Vespasian
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