Stereoscopy,
stereoscopic imaging or
3-D (three-dimensional) imaging is any technique capable of recording three-dimensional visual information or creating the
illusion of depth in an image. The illusion of depth in a
photograph,
movie, or other two-dimensional image is created by presenting a slightly different image to each
eye. Many
3D displays use this method to convey images. It was first invented by
Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1840.
[1] Stereoscopy is used in
photogrammetry and also for entertainment through the production of
stereograms. Stereoscopy is useful in viewing images rendered from large multi-
dimensional data sets such as are produced by experimental data. Modern industrial three dimensional photography may use
3D scanners to detect and record 3 dimensional information.
[2] The three-dimensional depth information can be reconstructed from two images using a computer by corresponding the pixels in the left and right images. Solving the
Correspondence problem in the field of
Computer Vision aims to create meaningful depth information from two images.
Traditional stereoscopic photography consists of creating a 3-D illusion starting from a pair of 2-D images. The easiest way to create depth perception in the brain is to provide the eyes of the viewer with two different images, representing two perspectives of the same object, with a minor deviation similar to the perspectives that both eyes naturally receive in binocular vision. If eyestrain and distortion are to be avoided, each of the two 2-D images preferably should be presented to each eye of the viewer so that any object at infinite distance seen by the viewer should be perceived by that eye while it is oriented straight ahead, the viewer's eyes being neither crossed nor diverging. When the picture contains no object at infinite distance, such as a horizon or a cloud, the pictures should be spaced correspondingly closer together.
Historically, there are 3 levels of binocular vision required to view stereo images
These functions develop in early childhood. Some people who have strabismus disrupt the development of stereopsis, however orthoptics treatment can be used to improve binocular vision. A person's stereoacuity determines the minimum image disparity they can perceive as depth.
