The
Suez Canal is an artificial
sea-level waterway in
Egypt, connecting the
Mediterranean Sea and the
Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows
water transportation between
Europe and
Asia without navigating around
Africa. The northern terminus is
Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of
Suez.
The canal is 192&_160;km (119&_160;mi) long with Ismailia, on the west bank, 3&_160;km (1.9&_160;mi) north of the half-way point[1]. It consists of the northern access channel of 19.5&_160;km/12.1&_160;mi, the canal itself of 162.25&_160;km/100.82&_160;mi and of the southern access channel of 8.5&_160;km/5.3&_160;mi.[2] It is single-lane with passing places in Ballah By-Pass and in the Great Bitter Lake[3]. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal into the Great Bitter Lake from both the Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Red Sea in the south, replacing evaporation.[4]
The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority[5] (SCA) of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
The canal may be used in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag.[6]