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Search Results - Sumatra

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Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia), and the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²).

Sumatra was known in ancient times by the Sanskrit names of Swarnadwipa ("Island of Gold") and Swarnabhumi ("Land of Gold"), due likely to the gold deposits of the island's highlands.[1] Arab geographers referred to the island as Lamri (Lamuri, Lambri or Ramni) in the 10-13th centuries, in reference to a kingdom near modern day Banda Aceh which was the first landfall for traders. Late in the 14th century the name Sumatra became popular, in reference to the kingdom of Samudra which was a rising power. European writers in the 19th century found that the indigenous inhabitants did not have a name for the island.[2]

People who spoke Austronesian languages first arrived in Sumatra around 500 BCE, as part of the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan to Southeast Asia. With its location in the India-China sea trade route, several trading towns flourished, especially in the eastern coast, and were influenced by Indian religions. One of the earliest known kingdoms was Kantoli, which flourished in the 5th century AD in southern Sumatra. Kantoli was replaced by the Empire of Srivijaya and then later by the Kingdom of Samudra. Srivijaya was a Buddhist monarchy centered in what is now Palembang. Dominating the region through trade and conquest throughout the 7th to 9th centuries, the Empire helped spread the Malay culture throughout Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and western Borneo. The empire was a thalassocracy, or maritime power that extended its influence from island to island. Palembang was a center for scholarly learning, and it was there the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim I Ching studied Sanskrit in 671 CE before departing for India. On his journey to China he spent four years in Palembang translating Buddhist texts and writing two manuscripts.

Srivijayan influence waned in the 11th century after it was defeated by the Chola Empire of southern India. Sumatra was then subject to conquests from Javanese kingdoms, first Singhasari and subsequently Majapahit. At the same time Islam made its way to Sumatra, spreading through contacts with Arabs and Indian traders.

Showing 1 to 25 of 68 Articles matching 'Sumatra' in related articles.
Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | Next >>

1. They Live On Coconuts
November 20, 2009

After suffering from a 7.6-magnitude earthquake, the next thing that comes to mind is how to survive it. Surviving during the earthquake and surviving after it is two different scenarios. One may have survived violent shakes but the aftermath will be the determinant of totally battling it. The government and rescuers fear that several isolated areas in the West Sumatra region may be suffering a worst case scenario after being hit by the destructive earthquake. This is food scarcity. The terrible earthquake hit Sumatra, which is located in the westernmost side of the Sunda Islands. The quake k... (read more)

Author: Krystal Bennion

2. The Sumatra Coffees
November 16, 2009

In the past, the only known ways of processing coffee are by drying the coffee bean while still in the fruit (dry method) and by removing the fruit from the bean before it’s dried (washed or wet method). Sumatra coffee follows a modified process. After picking, the coffee skins are removed then they will be subjected to an overnight fermentation with the absence of water thus calling the procedure dry fermentation. Afterwards, they will be washed in water to remove the pulp and then set for drying. (In a nutshell, Sumatra coffee undergoes the two procedures.) However, not all pulp can be rem... (read more)

Author: Chris Cornell

3. Earthquake-Prone Nations Can Reduce Casualties
October 21, 2009

Indonesia is one of the most earthquake-prone nations in the world. After the devastating earthquake in Padang last month that killed thousands, disaster-management experts are recommending ways to reduce the casualties and damage caused by natural disasters. Aerial image of buildings destroyed by earthquake in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 03 Oct 2009The magnitude 7.6 earthquake that occurred off the Indonesian island of Sumatra, killing thousands, is not an unusual occurrence. Geophysicist Jessica Sigala, with the U.S. National Earthquake Information Center, says the number of quakes that... (read more)

4. Indonesian Tsunami Survivors Arrive to Help Earthquake Victims
October 12, 2009

Victims of the recent earthquake that hit the Indonesian island of Sumatra are getting help from their neighbors to the north, survivors of the 2004 tsunami. In addition to providing material support, these groups bring experience in coping with disaster.A woman amid the rubble of her house which was badly damaged by an earthquake in isolated Limo Koto Timur village, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 04 Oct 2009Victims of last month's earthquake in southwestern Sumatra are getting help from more than 30 countries.And from countrymen who only five years ago survived the worst natural di... (read more)

5. Indonesia Considers More Mass Graves for Quake Victims
October 07, 2009

Indonesian soldier surveys  group burial in Lubuk Laweh village, northeast of Padang on Sumatra island, 07 Oct 2009Indonesian authorities say villages devastated in last week's earthquake may be declared mass graves.Officials say as many as 400 people may have been buried alive by muddy landslides that washed over villages in the Padang district of Sumatra island. Authorities say they will ask survivors for their approval of the mass graves.A 7.6-magnitude earthquake triggered the landslides and collapsed buildings across the island, killing at least 704 people. Rescuers say they expect t... (read more)

6. Indonesian Earthquake Aid Distribution Underway
October 06, 2009

A Muslim woman looks on as US military personnel build a field hospital in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 06 Oct 2009The United States today sent the first installment of a multi-million dollar assistance package to the Indonesian Island of Sumatra, to aid victims of the recent earthquake. Other international organizations and the government of Indonesia have also been providing assistance. However infrastructure damage caused by the earthquake is making it hard to access and distribute aid to some remote villages. The United States brought in 45 metric tons of plastic sheeting, hygiene kits... (read more)

7. Indonesian Earthquake Rescue Efforts Increase In Villages
October 05, 2009

After six days searching for survivors from the earthquake that hit the Indonesian island of Sumatra, rescue workers are shifting their focus from the city of Padang to bring aid to the rural areas where landslides buried entire villages.A woman amid the rubble of her house which was badly damaged by an earthquake in isolated Limo Koto Timur village, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 04 Oct 2009Initial rescue efforts concentrated on the city of Padang where more than 500 people died. Most were trapped in tall buildings that collapsed after the earthquake.Indonesian Search and Rescue A... (read more)

8. Indonesian Earthquake Efforts Shift to Rebuilding Phase
October 05, 2009

The emergency response efforts to the earthquake that hit the Indonesian island of Sumatra is shifting to recovery and rebuilding efforts. More than a thousand people died in last week's quake and hundreds more are missing. Over 180,000 buildings were severely damaged or destroyed. Here the clean up process is already beginning and earthquake survivors are assessing how and if they will rebuild. A man retrieves wood from the rubble in Padang, Indonesia, 05 Oct 2009Excavators are at work throughout the city of Padang, clearing away the wreckage caused by the earthquake. Although rescue workers ... (read more)

9. Earthquake Victims in Indonesian Villages Need Help to Rebuild
October 04, 2009

The full extent of the damage caused by the earthquake that struck the Indonesian Island of Sumatra is still being assessed. In the city of Padang the collapse of a number of tall buildings caused a large number of casualties but many other buildings were still intact. This VOA correspondent traveled to some small villages to the North where few people were killed but damage to houses was massive.A woman amid the rubble of her house which was badly damaged by an earthquake in isolated Limo Koto Timur village, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 04 Oct 2009Earthquake victims throughout th... (read more)

10. Hope Fades for Buried Indonesian Quake Victims
October 04, 2009

Bystanders watch rescue work as night falls in Padang, Indonesia, 03 Oct 2009 Rescuers digging through the rubble of the shattered Indonesian city of Padang said Sunday there is little hope of finding more survivors of a massive earthquake that officials say may have buried at least 3,000 people. Rescue teams in and around Padang, a city of 900,000, have been searching for survivors in collapsed buildings, but are increasingly retrieving only bodies. In rural areas outside Padang, some villages have been wiped out by landslides triggered by the earthquake.  Officials say more than 600 peo... (read more)

11. Officials: 3,000 People Trapped Due to Indonesian Quake
October 03, 2009

Bystanders watch rescue work as night falls in Padang, Indonesia, 03 Oct 2009 Officials say at least 3,000 people may still be trapped in rubble from a powerful earthquake that devastated Indonesia's port city of Padang.The United Nations says the death toll is at least 1,100 from the 7.6-magnitude undersea quake, which hit Wednesday off Indonesia's Sumatra island.Rescue teams are struggling Saturday to reach victims in and around Padang, a city of 900,000 people where large buildings, including hospitals, hotels, mosques and churches, were destroyed by the quake. In one rescue attempt, soldie... (read more)

12. Critical Humanitarian Operations Underway In Asia-Pacific
October 02, 2009

An Indonesian woman dries her mattresses outside her home damaged by an earthquake in Pariaman, about 40 miles (60 kilometers) northwest of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 02 Oct 2009The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is mounting a huge humanitarian relief operation to help victims of six natural disasters in the Asia-Pacific area. The agency says hundreds of local Red Cross volunteers provided immediate life-saving services in the disaster zones.  The Asia-Pacific Region has been pummeled by six simultaneous disasters in a short space of time.&nbs... (read more)

13. Rescue Workers Search for Survivors from Asian Disasters, Death Toll Likely to Rise
October 02, 2009

Indonesian youth clean up rubbles in their home destroyed by earthquake in Pariaman, coastal town about 40 miles northwest of Padang, West SumatraAuthorities say the death toll from an earthquake in Indonesia is likely to pass 1,000 as underequipped rescue workers dig through rubble for survivors. And the Philippines is on alert as a new typhoon heads toward the islands days after Typhoon Ketsana killed more than 400 people there and in Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. Indonesian rescue workers are digging by hand Friday, trying to find survivors among the hundreds of people believed trapped under ... (read more)

14. Foreign Rescue Teams Race to Help Indonesia Quake Victims
October 02, 2009

American Air Force and Indonesian Army members load emergency aid material into US cargo plane in Jakarta, flying to earthquake-hit West Sumatra, 02 Oct 2009Foreign emergency rescue teams are racing to reach areas in and around Indonesia's port city, Padang, which was devastated by a powerful earthquake Wednesday.The United Nations says the death toll from the 7.6-magnitude quake is at least 1,100.  Indonesian officials say at least 770 people have been killed, but they expect the figure to escalate as thousands are still believed buried beneath rubble.Medical teams, search dogs, backhoes... (read more)

15. Indonesian Earthquake Kills More Than 700
October 01, 2009

Check out our Asia Disasters Special Report Indonesian officials say the death toll from Wednesday's powerful earthquake continues to rise, and thousands remain trapped under collapsed buildings on the island of Sumatra. So far at least 770 people are confirmed dead and the numbers are likely to climb higher as rescue workers search for more victims beneath the rubble of destroyed buildings. Indonesian soldiers and rescue workers search for earthquake victims trapped under a destroyed building in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 01 Oct 2009This was the chaotic scene in the city of Padang in ... (read more)

16. Indonesia Rocked by Another Big Quake as Death Toll Rises
October 01, 2009

Victim of earthquake is treated in Sumatra, 30 Sep 2009Indonesia has been hit by another powerful earthquake as officials say the death toll from Wednesday's major quake could be in the thousands.The country's health minster Siti Fadillah Supari says officials are determining how widespread the damage was from Wednesday's 7.6-magnitude quake off Sumatra.Officials have so far confirmed that more than 200 people were killed.A magnitude 6.8 earthquake hit another part of Sumatra on Thursday, triggering more panic among local residents.Indonesian officials say hundreds remain trapped under collaps... (read more)

17. Powerful Earthquake Strikes Indonesia
September 30, 2009

A strong earthquake has struck off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra island near the city of Padang, damaging buildings.The U.S. Geological Survey says the quake had a magnitude of 7.9 and was centered 600 kilometers northwest of Jakarta. It struck in the early evening local time (1016 UTC) at a depth of more than 80 kilometers.The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued an alert for Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Thailand, but there were no initial reports of large waves generated by the quake.The quake was felt around the region, with some high-rise buildings in the neighboring city state of Si... (read more)

18. Tips For Surfing Enthusiasts
September 11, 2009

While the main aim of any holiday is to relax and have fun, it is important to take due precautions if you are going for a holiday involving an adventure holiday such as surfing. Listed below are a few pointers that will be quite helpful in staying safe while extracting the maximum fun from your surfing holiday. • The right equipment – The surfboard is only a piece of equipment, but it is essential to choose a good surfboard while going surfing. While choosing a surfboard, make sure that you can lie on it comfortably and there is no tipping to any side. If you are just starting to surf, alw... (read more)

Author: Andy Griffiths

19. Surfing in Fiji
August 10, 2009

About Fiji Fiji is officially named the Republic of the Fiji Islands and is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies east of Vanuatu, west of Tonga and south of Tuvalu. It is an archipelago of about 322 islands and 522 islets. The major islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, accounting for 87% of the population. Surfing Fiji Surfing in Fiji is very popular and visitors from around the world flock to this tiny island for it. The best time to surf n Fiji is between the months of April and September. There are a number of resorts in Fiji that cater to surfers and... (read more)

Author: Andy Griffiths

20. US Enters Debt-for-Nature Swap With Indonesia
July 29, 2009

The United States has signed an agreement to forgive nearly $30 million in Indonesian debt in return for the large Southeast Asian country agreeing to protect forests on Sumatra Island. The deal is the largest debt-for-nature swap the U.S. government has organized so far under the U.S. Tropical Forest Conservation Act and its first such deal with Indonesia - one of the fastest deforestation rates in the world. VOA reports:Logging in the forests of IndonesiaA tree is felled in the forests of Indonesia. A country which loses an area the size of Switzerland each year to logging. Indonesia's mass... (read more)

21. Surfing in Samoa
July 08, 2009

About Samoa Samoa, or the Independent State of Samoa, to give the country its official name, is a country located off the North West coast of Australia. It is a part of the Samoan Islands archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. With a population of just over 180,000, you are not likely to bump into anyone real soon. In spite of such a small population and a secluded existence however Samoa is a picturesque surfing spot where you can enjoy a perfect surfing holiday. Important Due to the effect of tides and wind on the surf, conditions in Samoa usually makes impossible to su... (read more)

Author: Andy Griffiths

22. Surfing Holidays
June 09, 2009

Surfing is one of the most popular adventure sports in the world but the problem with it is that the conditions required to surf properly are not available everywhere. There are some specific regions across the globe where the conditions are just right to enjoy riding the waves. Also, even at these surfing hotspots, you might not be able to surf all year round. There might be problems due to inclement weather and other factors. Thus, it is very important to do proper background research and information checks before packing your bags for a fun and enjoyable surfing holiday. The major surf... (read more)

Author: Andy Griffiths

23. Surfing - riding the waves
April 14, 2009

What is surfing? Surfing is a surface water sport in which the person wishing to surf uses a surfboard to travel along the face of a breaking ocean wave. Such waves are called ‘surfs’ and thus the activity is called ‘surfing’. Origin of surfing Surfing originated in ancient Polynesia with the chief being the best skilled rider and the ruling classes had access to the best beaches. This activity was noticed by Europeans in Tahiti in 1767 and has now become one of the most popular forms of adventure sports at beaches around the world. Types of surfing There are three major ... (read more)

Author: Andy Griffiths

24. What Is The Brachydanio Fish
March 16, 2009

Brachydanio Albolineatus, Rerio, Nigrofasciatus, etc, are common aquarium fishes, which the Brachydanio Albolineatus is commonly named the Gold Danio or Pearl Danio. Danio comes from Sumatra or India and grows 2 inches in size. This slim Jim fish has a reasonably pressed figure, which its shimmering body makes it the “Mother of Pearls,” look-alike. Brachydanio Albolineatus come in a variety of colors, including blue, green, red, yellow, etc. The fish is calm and quiet in nature, and lives well in communal tanks. The Danio is one of the smarter fishes, which prefers to live in plant-y waters. T... (read more)

Author: Jody Siena

25. Learn About The Barb Fishes
March 16, 2009

Tiger barbs, Rosy barbs, Red Barbs, and Sumatra barbs are various types of freshwater fish that are easiest to breed and maintain. However, the larger barbs are best suited with fish of their own size. The larger barbs will steer up trouble in communal tanks, as well as uproot your fancy plants. It seems the larger barbs demand more attention than the smaller barbs; therefore, the barbs should be grouped and separated. The Black Ruby and Purple Head Barbs come from Ceylon. The fish grow around 2 ½ inches in size and live well in communal tanks. The female barbs produce colorful environme... (read more)

Author: Jody Siena

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