Techno is a form of
electronic dance music (EDM)
[1] that emerged in
Detroit,
Michigan,
USA during the mid to late 1980s. The first recorded use of the word
techno, in reference to a
genre of music, was in 1988.
[2][3] Many styles of techno now exist, but
Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.
[4]The initial take on techno arose from the melding of Eurocentric synthesizer-based music with various African American styles such as Chicago house, funk, electro, and electric jazz. Added to this was the influence of futuristic and fictional themes[5] that were relevant to life in American late capitalist society—particularly the book The Third Wave by Alvin Toffler.[6][7] Pioneering producer Juan Atkins cites Toffler's phrase "techno rebels" as inspiring him to use the word techno to describe the musical style he helped to create. This unique blend of influences aligns techno with the aesthetic referred to as afrofuturism. To producers such as Derrick May, the transference of spirit from the body to the machine is often a central preoccupation; essentially an expression of technological spirituality.[8][9] In this manner "techno dance music defeats what Adorno saw as the alienating effect of mechanisation on the modern consciousness".[10]
Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance. "Techno" is also commonly confused with generalized descriptors, such as electronic music and dance music.[11][12][13]
The initial blueprint for techno was developed during the mid-1980s in Detroit, Michigan, by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson, Derrick May (the so-called Belleville Three), and Eddie Fowlkes, all of whom attended school together at Belleville High, near Detroit.[14][15][16][17] By the close of the 1980s, the four had recorded and released material under various guises Atkins as Model 500, Flintstones, and Magic Juan; Fowlkes simply as Eddie "Flashin" Fowlkes; Saunderson as Reese, Keynotes, and Kaos; with May as Mayday, R-Tyme, and Rhythim Is Rhythim. There were also a number of joint ventures, the most commercially successful of which was the Atkins and Saunderson (with James Pennington and Arthur Forest)[18] collaboration on the first Inner City single, "Big Fun".
