Search Results - Temperature
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Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature. Specifically, temperature is a property of matter. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. On the microscopic scale, temperature is defined as the average energy of microscopic motions of a single particle in the system per degree of freedom. On the macroscopic scale, temperature is the unique physical property that determines the direction of heat flow between two objects placed in thermal contact. If no heat flow occurs, the two objects have the same temperature; otherwise heat flows from the hotter object to the colder object. These two basic principles are stated in the zeroth law and second law of thermodynamics, respectively. For a solid, these microscopic motions are principally the vibrations of its atoms about their sites in the solid. For an ideal monatomic gas, the microscopic motions are the translational motions of the constituent gas particles. For a multiatomic gas, vibrational and rotational motion should be included Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. In most of the world (except for the United States, and a few other countries), the degree Celsius scale is used for most temperature measuring purposes. The entire scientific world (the U.S. included) measures temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the kelvin scale, which is just the Celsius scale shifted downwards so that 0 K[1]= -273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the U.S., especially high-tech ones, also use the kelvin and degrees Celsius scales. However, the United States is the last major country in which the degree Fahrenheit temperature scale is used by most lay people, industry, popular meteorology, and government. Other engineering fields in the U.S. also rely upon the Rankine scale (a shifted Fahrenheit scale) when working in thermodynamic-related disciplines such as combustion. Intuitively, temperature is the measurement of how hot or cold something is, although the most immediate way in which we can measure this, by feeling it, is unreliable, resulting in the phenomenon of felt air temperature, which can differ at varying degrees from actual temperature. On the molecular level, temperature is the result of the motion of particles which make up a substance. Temperature increases as the energy of this motion increases. The motion may be the translational motion of the particle, or the internal energy of the particle due to molecular vibration or the excitation of an electron energy level. Although very specialized laboratory equipment is required to directly detect the translational thermal motions, thermal collisions by atoms or molecules with small particles suspended in a fluid produces Brownian motion that can be seen with an ordinary microscope. The thermal motions of atoms are very fast and temperatures close to absolute zero are required to directly observe them. For instance, when scientists at the NIST achieved a record-setting cold temperature of 700 nK (1 nK = 10-9 K) in 1994, they used optical lattice laser equipment to adiabatically cool caesium atoms. They then turned off the entrapment lasers and directly measured atom velocities of 7 mm per second in order to calculate their temperature. The process of cooling involves removing energy from a system. When there is no more energy able to be removed, the system is said to be at absolute zero, which is the point on the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where all kinetic motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest in the “classic” (non-quantum mechanical) sense. By definition, absolute zero is a temperature of precisely 0&_160;kelvins (-273.15 °C or -459.68 °F).
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1. Plan Your Next Winter Vacation In Florida
November 21, 2008
Florida is one of the favorite winter vacation retreats for millions of Americans from the frigid northern states and Canadian provinces. Contrary to public belief, though Florida enjoys a lot more sunshine during the Summer months, it receives one of the largest number of sunny moderate temperature days in winter, which attracts vacationers. Combined with its variety of entertainment options from the theme parks at Disney which are crowded all year long to the nightlife at Miami and the deep-sea adventures at the Keys, there is something about Florida that keeps them coming. It is also a popu... (read more)
Author: Kenny Doucette
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2. niagara falls ontario wine tours
November 21, 2008
The Niagara River connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erie consist in its arms the Niagara Region which is in Ontario and the Niagara Frontier which is in New York. From Lake Ontario the region appears in steps or benches of rich prolific farmland clay soils which one needs to climb. These steps or bench stretches from the Grimsby to the Vineland. Niagara Escarpment asylum orchards and vineyards close the Lake Ontario from cold winter winds. Which in turns creates a high temperature that expand along the base of the bench making it warmer than most of the Niagara peninsula. This enhance the ripeni... (read more)
Author: gary george
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3. Space Heaters: Convenient, Energy Efficient and Incredibly Useful
November 21, 2008
Space Heaters are used when main heating system is inadequate or central heating is too costly to install or operate. Space heaters are self-contained, free-standing air heating appliance intended for installation in the space being heated and not intended for duct connection. If you only want to heat one room or supplement inadequate heating in one room, space heaters are less expensive. They can also boost the temperature of rooms used by people who are sensitive to cold without overheating your entire home. Electric space heaters are the only unvented space heaters that are safe to operate ... (read more)
Author: Erin Lynn
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4. Trans Fats and Weight Loss
November 19, 2008
I've mentioned butter and oils, but what about margarine? It is an unsaturated fat, made from vegetable oil, but it has been hydrogenated. That means hydrogen atoms have been added to each molecule to "saturate" it so it takes a solid form at room temperature. The added hydrogen atoms also make it more stable, so it is less likely to become rancid.
Sounds good? Well, actually, no. This synthetic saturated fat is called trans fat and the news about it is bad. Long marketed as the low-cholesterol alternative to butter, margarine has recently had a lot of bad press. Most of it is based on a ... (read more)
Author: Francis Adam
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5. Germination, Storage and Transportation of Garlic
November 21, 2008
Germination, Storage and Transportation of Garlic
Garlic Germination and Storage
Garlic has got an internal germination. Garlic with long internal germination has no commercial value. The harvest time of Henan and Shandong garlic of China is in June. At the time of harvest, garlic germination is only 10% of the total garlic clove section length. This situation can be kept for 3 months without significant change. So from June to end August it is safe to put garlic outside cold storage in north China as in summer the outside temperature is high, above 25 C. After August we keep ou... (read more)
Author: Lifeng Gao
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6. Why Calories Count For Weight Loss
November 19, 2008
Calories do count! However pleasurable eating is, its real purpose is to provide the energy your body needs to maintain a constant temperature and perform its basic functions. Anything extra you do uses more calories. Any calories you consume that your body does not need are converted to body fat. It's as simple as that. The goal of this chapter is to help you understand what happens to food after it goes in your mouth. This should combat foolish or dangerous myths about food and weight loss.
The meaning of metabolism
Metabolism is the Sum total of all the chemical and physical proc... (read more)
Author: Francis Adam
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7. Tips for Tennis in Winter
November 20, 2008
With the advent of winter, there has to be certain precautions which a player has to take in order to keep his game unaffected by the external factors. Temperature would fall below the desired and optimal degree Celsius, but should that affect your game in any kind of way? The answer to the question should be no. The winter could be the scary season for the players who have been established in the warmer zones of the world, but it should not be scary enough to stop you from playing your game in the way it should be played.
Winter could be so harsh, that the breeze would hamper your movem... (read more)
Author: rajan mr
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8. Centrifugal Pressure Blowers In Series by Canada Blower
November 20, 2008
Tenderall Fan Co. designs high pressure blowers-in-series systems to achieve static pressure, previously unachievable by single stage centrifugal blowers.
Parallel and in-series connected blower installations are often used to meet performance ranges beyond normal single stage blower capacities. For systems that require high ststic pressure, and especially high pressure TOGETHER with high temperature (where standard multi stage, positive displacement, screw, or regenerative type blowers can not be used) series of single stage centrifugal blowers can be used. Many times additional blower i... (read more)
Author: Oleg Chetchel
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9. All About Thermostats
November 18, 2008
A thermostat is a device that allows you to control the temperature inside of your home by controlling how your heating or cooling system functions. Heating devices are turned on when temperatures fall below a certain temperature and are turned off when the temperatures rise above another temperature. These two temperatures are separated so that the device is not being turned on or off too rapidly and are usually set within a couple of degrees from the desired temperature (or set point). More advanced thermostats can also control cooling devices so that a room can cool down faster and the air ... (read more)
Author: Erin Lynn
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10. Extending the Life of your Grand Piano
November 18, 2008
On average, the lifespan of a piano is 50 years, but the way you care for yours will determine how long it will create beautiful music. When deciding where to put your musical instrument, consider the following factors: temperature, humidity, and position.
Avoid extreme temperatures in the room where it is located. The ideal temperature range is 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, take special heed to the humidity of the room. The ideal level is 45-60% relative humidity, but more important than the actual level is the consistency.
During the day, central air systems dry the air and draw ... (read more)
Author: Andrew Stratton
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11. Swimming Pool Temperature - know the right level
November 17, 2008
If you are wondering what is the ideal swimming pool temperature then it is not a very easy question to answer. It is so because the proper swimming pools temperature depends largely on the preferences of the swimmers. Based on the recommended heater temperature and the settings from all manufacturers virtually, the ideal temperature range for both the backyard swimming pool and the indoor swimming pool ranges between 75- 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Although this figure is not taken to be as the final one as the temperature varies from the preferences of individual to individual and varied environm... (read more)
Author: Anirban Bhattacharya
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12. What does Pensacola HVAC mean?
November 17, 2008
Have you ever taken a step back and looked at people that use products every day without a single clue that behind that product is a remarkable process of engineering and development so people can use them every day and enjoy their benefits with little cost?
Some of these things are there and we don’t even know it. For instance, I believe you have heard of the term air conditioning, the systems that provide the desired temperature in a room at a specific time. But do you know what Pensacola HVAC means?
No, I am not talking about UFOs or any other things like that; I am talking about ... (read more)
Author: Clint Jhonson
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13. Thermogenic Fat Burners is Combination of Commonly Used Materials
November 16, 2008
Thermogenic fat burners, or metabolic optimizers as they are sometimes called, work by raising your body temperature very slightly in order to induce a faster metabolism. With a faster metabolism, food and nutrients are burned more quickly, thus turning more of your food into energy rather than stored fat. Selecting a fat burner for your meticulous requirements can be done with some research. It is good to identify what your goal is and how you prepare to accomplish it. This will let you to select the fat burner that works best for you. Most ordinary thermogenic materials comprise Ephedra, ora... (read more)
Author: Francis Adam
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14. Heat Stroke in Dogs - The Truth About Canine Heat Stroke
November 17, 2008
Heat stroke in dogs is a life-threatening situation. When your dog's body temperature rises too high, numerous organs can become damaged. The most important organs put at risk include the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Canine heat stroke usually affects older or overweight dogs. Those that are less than six months old are also at risk. Also, dogs that have a heavy or dark coat are more at risk.
Causes
Your dog's body temperature should be between 100 and 102.5 Fahrenheit. Various factors can cause it to rise. Heat stroke is normally brought about when dogs are locked in par... (read more)
Author: Darrin Swain
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15. Five Tips For Growing Miltonia Orchids
November 17, 2008
Miltonia orchids are also referred to as pansy orchids because their open flowers closely resemble pansies. They are very fragrant, but a little more difficult to grow than other species of orchids. This article will give you a few tips for growing miltonia orchids.
Temperature
Miltonia orchids require the temperature to be intermediate to warm. During the day, the ideal temperature is somewhere between 70 and 85 degrees. At night, the temperature should be 55 to 65.
Humidity
You should always make sure your miltonia orchids get plenty of moist air. The humidity should be b... (read more)
Author: Darrin Swain
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16. Orchid Growing Tips - Growing Orchids for Beginners
November 17, 2008
Growing orchids can be challenging if you don't know what you're doing. If you want to grow beautiful plants, there are a few orchid growing tips you should know. Some of the tips focus on proper watering, temperature, fertilizer, and light. This article will share a few orchid growing tips with you.
Watering One of the first orchid growing tips focuses on watering. How frequently you water your orchids depends on the type, temperature, and the time of year. In general, you should water them every 10 days or so. Make sure you don't water them several times a week because you will kill the... (read more)
Author: Darrin Swain
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17. What's the Difference Between a Composite or Aluminum Baseball Bat?
November 17, 2008
What Advantages do Composite Baseball Bats have over Aluminum Baseball Bats? And are they worth the extra cost?
Composite bats do offer distinct advantages to aluminum bats but they will certainly have a shorter life as they can, and probably will, break. They’re also much more susceptible to the cold. All bats warn you to not use them when the temperature is below 50 degrees. For aluminum bats it’s just a safety valve for the manufacturer. For composite bats it’s the real deal.
Here’s the short version of the advantages composite bats offer. For a detailed, in-depth analysis click h... (read more)
Author: Robert Nelson
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18. Discus Tropical Fish - From The Amazon To Your Fish Tank
November 17, 2008
The best way to start understanding discus tropical fish is to determine what is meant by the term 'tropical'. In the strict sense of the word, it applies to the portion of the earth that lies between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but things are never that simple. Nature is not concerned with lines drawn on a map, and rather prefers for plants and animals to colonize areas best suited to their own requirements for a fruitful life - and temperature may be only one aspect of their needs. Thus, when talking about discus tropical fish, we have to consider all aspects of their natur... (read more)
Author: Mark Grover
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19. Discus Fish - Insider Tips For Starting A Discus Aquarium Today
November 17, 2008
Keeping a Discus fish aquarium can be a battle or it can be a pleasure. Very often, it is only a battle because we fail to understand the natural needs of the fish we are keeping. Although we maintain the temperature, water conditions and lighting levels, sometimes this is just not enough. However, once we start to observe our fish and examine how they are built, and how they behave, we begin to acquire a greater insight into their requirements and can implement the changes necessary to create a thriving aquarium.
One of the most important tips for keeping Discus fish, is to be r... (read more)
Author: Mark Grover
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20. Discus Disease - How To Prevent Disease From Invading Your Discus Fish
November 17, 2008
Similar to any other fish, discus disease can strike your tank if you are not paying attention. In this article, I will go over some of the common ailments your fish may develop. By identifying problems early and taking action, you will minimize the risk of serious problems. Overall, the best way of reducing the risk of discus disease is to create the proper recommended environment for your fish, which usually means controlling water quality, temperature, and diet.
Hole in the Head
Hole in the Head is a common discus disease. Early treatment is important because the longer it lasts,... (read more)
Author: Mark Grover
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21. Tips to improve ipod's battery life time
November 14, 2008
Here are some tips to maximize the iPod’s battery power so that long lasting:
1. IPod batteries work best at room temperature (about 20 degrees Celsius), although in general can be used in temperature between 0-35 degrees Celsius. If you leave in place accidental cold, let down temperature as temperatures room before turn it on. 2. Do not wait until your battery runs out to refill. Although not currently used, the iPod still eat the flow of electricity from the battery even though very small. This is what causes the battery is slowly become empty. iPod if you rarely use, rechar... (read more)
Author: STEPHEN jones
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22. Hair Straightener - Emphasize On Temperature
November 14, 2008
You must know that celebrities never compromise with any thing that they use. This is one of the biggest reasons in addition to the functionality that adds popularity to the Sedu Hair Straightener. Sedu Hair Straightener will help you to create those celebrity sedu hairstyles that you see in all the magazines. The product has been so designed to that it is efficient, safe, free from any chemicals and convenient to use. One of the biggest advantages of Sedu Hair Straightener is that you can be your own professional hair stylist.
Because of its efficiency Hair Straightener are more popular ... (read more)
Author: Louise Jones
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23. Mumbai; the most dreamy and economy capital of India
November 14, 2008
Mumbai is the major capital of India. This city has availability of too many multi-national companies and centers. The Mumbai city is the place where the life is very busy and fast. The life and style of the city are little inspired by western culture. Another best about this place is its beauty and location. The location of the city is at side of sea due to which the wheatear stays little humid but pleasant. Mumbai is very much popular for the best suburb places in India. Options of many suburb places are available in Mumbai which has great outview with amazing temperature. If you see from th... (read more)
Author: nikhil shrivastava
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24. Vitamin B12 is an essential water soluble vitamin
November 14, 2008
Vitamin B12 Injectionsis important for metabolism. Metabolism within the body includes the processes of energy generation and use -- including nutrition, digestion, absorption, elimination, respiration, circulation, and temperature regulation. Studies indicate that absorption of Vitamin B12 decreases with an increase in age. Hence, an increased intake of B12 Injectionsis extremely useful for adults above fifty.">Vitamin B12 is an essential water soluble vitamin that is commonly found in a variety of foods such as fish, shellfish, meats, and dairy products. Vitamin B12 is frequently used in co... (read more)
Author: alina thomas
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25. Reducing your carbon footprint
November 14, 2008
Reducing your carbon footprint
Reducing your carbon footprint in your day-to-day home life is simple and inexpensive. It can take a matter of seconds to make a difference. Try integrating some of these tips and suggestions into your home.
Energy efficiency:
• Keep your home two degrees cooler in the winter and two degrees warmer in the summer. You can also regulate the temperature of your home by sealing drafts and installing energy efficient windows.
• Replace your regular light bulbs with energy efficient light bulbs, which also last longer and save you money. Also, when... (read more)
Author: Switchedon Media
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