A
wilderness area is a region where the land is in a natural state; where impacts from human activities are minimal - that is, as a
wilderness. It might also be called a
wild or
natural area. Especially in wealthier, industrialized nations, it has a specific legal meaning as well as land where development is prohibited by law. Many nations have designated Wilderness Areas, including
Australia,
Canada,
New Zealand,
South Africa and the
United States.
The World Conservation Union (IUCN) classifies wilderness at two levels, Ia (Strict Nature Preserves) and Ib (Wilderness areas).
Most scientists and conservationists agree that no place on earth is completely untouched by humanity, either due to past occupation by indigenous people, or through global processes such as climate change. Activities on the margins of specific wilderness areas, such as fire suppression and the interruption of animal migration also affect the interior of wildernesses.
There are seven wilderness areas in New Zealand as defined by the National Parks Act 1980 that fall well within the IUCN definition. Wilderness areas cannot have any human intervention and can only have indigenous species re-introduced into the area if it is compatible with conservation management strategies.