While the idea of anal cleansing dates back to the Egyptians, the notion of caffeine as an enema-related substance is relatively new. It was conceived in 1917, and was even in the Merck Manual until 1972.
In 1920, German scientists investigated caffeine's effect on the bile duct and small intestines. Dr. Max Gerson proposed coffee enemas had a positive effect of the gastro-intestinal tract; Gerson said that coffee enemas had positive effects on patients with tuberculosis, and later even cancer. He claimed that unlike saline enemas, the caffeine traveled through the smooth muscle of the small intestine, and into the liver. This, he said, cleared even more the gastro-intestinal tract and removed more toxins and bile than a normal enema. He told his patients often that the "coffee enemas are not given for the function of the intestines but for the stimulation of the liver."
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It is claimed that caffeine, theophylline and theobromine stimulate the relaxation of smooth muscles in the anus and small intestine, which cause dilatation of blood vessels and bile ducts.[citation needed] This, combined with the proximity of the anal walls and veins which make the caffeine enter the blood more quickly and in greater quantity, arguably have a better cleaning effect than a regular saline enema.[citation needed] Coffee can cause diarrhea which believers say aids in the detoxification process.
Coffee enemas are believed to have caused three deaths in the United States, described in the following references. Coffee enemas may cause electrolyte imbalance that, if severe enough, can cause death. Other adverse reactions that have been reported include enteric septicemia in a patient with widespread cancer, hepatic dysfunction and ascites, which the authors believed made this patient more likely to suffer from infections. If the coffee is inserted too quickly or too hot, it could cause internal burning or tearing. Because of the proximity between veins and anal walls, caffeine finds itself in the veins in much greater quantities, and may lead to caffeine overdose, though since the coffee enema is expelled, the likelihood of overdose may be less than when coffee is ingested and must remain in the body until metabolized. Excessive enemas may cause dehydration, which is only amplified by the diuretic effect of caffeine in the coffee. Also, as with all uses of coffee, it risks raising blood pressure, though not to a great extent in most individuals.
Ernst E (June 1997). "Colonic irrigation and the theory of autointoxication: a triumph of ignorance over science". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 24 (4): 1968. PMID 9252839. &&
Shils ME, Hermann MG (April 1982). "Unproved dietary claims in the treatment of patients with cancer". Bull N Y Acad Med 58 (3): 32340. PMID 7052177.
a b Moss, Ph.D., Ralph W. "The Cancer Chronicles" 2nd ed. Austin, Texas: 1994. (6-7)
The Nation; A Double Latte Is Just Another Way to Be Cool - New York Times
The Seattle Times: Health: Coffee's health conundrums
Eisele JW, Reay DT (October 1980). "Deaths related to coffee enemas". JAMA 244 (14): 16089. PMID 7420666.
Margolin KA, Green MR (March 1984). "Polymicrobial enteric septicemia from coffee enemas.". West. J. Med. 140 (3): 460. PMID 6710988.
Sashiyama H, Hamahata Y, Matsuo K, et al. (July 2008). "Rectal burn caused by hot-water coffee enema". Gastrointest. Endosc.. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.017. PMID 18657805.
Mossey, Tom, "Ten Dangers of Coffee Enemas" INeedCoffee.com. 1999. 6 June 2008
Pitcher, Matt. "Does Coffee Raise Blood Pressure?" INeedCoffee.com. 1999. 6 June 2008
A historical and informational look at coffee enemas
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