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Myopia is an eye condition which has another name, nearsightedness, a type of refractive error wherein near objects tend to look very clear; and there is a blurry distance vision. These people are said to have deeper eyeballs, therefore distant visual image focus of the retina is short; that is why myopia is also called short-sightedness. The more critical version of this refractive error is called high myopia. This condition is caused by a stretch in the eyeball and it becomes too elongated. This can create tears or slits in the retina and alterations in visual condition. Individuals with high myopia require complete dilated eye exams regularly. To help prevent having vision impairment, getting eye check-ups, early diagnosis of impairments and immediate management are the solutions. Childhood myopia can also occur. Childhood myopia is suspected if there are complaints about not being able to see distant things clearly. Very young children are not able to discern if the condition already exists. Children are at risk for myopia when they have one parent or both parents who have myopia and when they overwork their eyes or do eye-straining activities excessively. Some objective signs that are observable are: children going near to the TV or closing their eyes tightly the opening their eyes or squinting. Anatomically, the eye sensory system persists to develop up to eight years old. If the refractive errors cannot be detected and treated immediately, myopia or permanent vision impairment may occur. That is why visual screening tests must be done regularly for preschool aged children. To further understand this condition, the term refraction must be explained. Refraction is when light bends while it goes through an object to another object. Sight is made possible when the rays of the light are refracted as they go through the lens and cornea. The light will be centered on the retina, and the retina transforms the rays of light to codes delivered via the optic nerve to the brain. The message will be decoded in the brain and produces the images or pictures we perceive. Therefore, if there are problems in the refraction, this is where refractive errors occur. Refractive errors crop up when the shape of the eye hinders focusing of the light rays on the retina. When there are alterations in the eyeball length and corneal shape, refractive errors will take place. Myopia occurs when the eyes center images in front of the retina when the ideal process should be that the eyes center images on the retina. This will lead to vision opacity. Myopia is frequently diagnosed in children ranging 8-12 years of age although it may occur to younger ones as stated earlier, and the condition may deteriorate in the adolescent stages. Myopia deteriorates with age. Myopia control or short-sightedness control can be done by doing preventive measures such as refraining from excessive exposure to TV, computer, reading a lot, or any activity that can overwork the eyes. The Myopia treatment is through the use of correctional eyeglasses, contact lenses and surgical procedures as recommended by the ophthalmologist. Correctional glasses are the most harmless and easiest method for short-sightedness treatment. Contact lenses also function by serving as the primary refractive surface in the eye that the light rays will meet before they penetrate the inner surfaces, thus allowing for a more precise focus or light-bending. Other people choose contact lenses because they are more convenient to use and can give a clearer sight. They are also harmless if used as directed and appropriately. The last resort is the refractive surgery which targets on permanently altering the corneal shape to enhance refractive vision. This surgery can aid in minimizing or totally removing reliance on glasses and lenses. But above all, as early as now, do measures to improve and retain the eye health because the consequences are always at the end.
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