People exposed to asbestos can develop diseases in later life. These most commonly affect the lungs but can also affect the lining of the abdomen. Some conditions - for example, mesothelioma or lung cancer - are more serious than others. This leaflet gives a brief overview of the diseases that are related to having an exposure to asbestos in the past. Asbestos is a material that was used in buildings in the past. It is an insulating material that is both heat and fire resistant. There are different types of asbestos; white, brown and blue. Although they are all harmful, blue and brown asbestos are the most strongly linked with cancers and they have not been imported into the UK since 1985. However, they are still present in some buildings and equipment produced before the ban. White asbestos has been banned in the UK since 1999. Asbestos materials which are left undisturbed are probably safe. It is asbestos dust or fibres which cause the harm when they are inhaled (breathed in) or ingested (swallowed). Having a previous exposure to asbestos is associated with various different diseases. These mainly affect the lungs, and include the following. Asbestosis Asbestosis is a condition that causes scarring of the lungs. Asbestosis usually develops at least twenty years after being exposed to a large amount of asbestos. The most common symptoms are shortness of breath which progressively worsens with time. In addition, a cough may be present, which is usually a dry cough. Asbestosis is usually diagnosed from the appearance of a chest X-ray and/or a CT scan of the chest. Breathing tests (spirometry) may also be done. Occasionally, a biopsy of the lung may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Although asbestosis is incurable, there are different treatments available to help improve the symptoms it causes. Inhalers are often given to help with shortness of breath. It may sometimes be treated with steroid tablets and other medication.
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