The knowledge economy and society is based on the creation, use, and dissemination of knowledge. There are no doubt universities and research centers play a vital role in the General knowledge creation, application, and transfer processes. Against an economic backdrop such as the current one, namely a financial crisis of international proportions cuts in university and research and development programme funding and the implementation of the Bologna Process, this strategic resource must be suitably managed. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to measure existing knowledge-based resources (intellectual capital) and draw up knowledge maps. This chapter proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing relational capital in universities and research centers and presents indicators for measuring each of its components. In recent years we have we have witnessed an international crisis that is affecting, to a greater or lesser extent, the economies of every country on earth. The media is full of stories about important structural reforms being proposed by governments, the financial rescue of countries, falling stock market indexes, company closures and staff layoffs, etc. Companies and organizations are increasingly aware of the importance of people on topics for group discussion and what they know for dealing with economic scenarios as complex as those we are seeing today and of individuals with a capacity for long-term vision and leadership. But knowledge is not only found in the individuals within companies and organizations, but also in the relationships these individuals develop among themselves both inside and outside the company. There is also the knowledge present within the organizational structures and routines, in the company's policies and in its organizational culture, among others. A fundamental question within books for upsc field is why some companies gain a long-term competitive advantage and others do not. Strategic Management literature has made numerous efforts to construct coherent frameworks that synthesize the different contributions. Among these attempts at synthesis mention must be made of the resources and capacities theory. This theory integrates a set of contributions the focal or starting point of which is the heterogeneity of resources within the companies and their imperfect mobility, which helps to explain the sustained differences in the profitability observed. Intangible resources, such as knowledge, present these characteristics. We can analyze the knowledge that exists within companies and organizations, in other words their intellectual capital, from a static perspective. This intangible resource corresponds to those knowledge-based resources which, despite contributing towards the creation of value within the company, are not reflected in its economic-financial statements. These include, for example, the knowledge of the employees or the value to the company of a relationship with a strategic partner.
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