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Drilling is a cutting process or we can say making a large hole in the earth. For that purpose drill machines generally uses drillers that are the main equipment for drill machines. It's a cutting tool can be multipurpose also. Driller is pressed against the work object with rotation as fast revolution as possible that will make an extra force to the work piece and it is easy to cut the object or to make the hole in it. Hole depth is depend on various factors like cutting edges of driller, the power of machine, object surface and many more. The cutting edges should be sharper so that it is possible to drill work piece easily. Power of machine should be larger so that it can put extra force on object. Drilling is much depend on object surface if it is hard solid then we need to give extra time for its drilling. There are varieties of drill that can be used to sink into the ground like auger drilling, air blast drilling, air cool drilling, cable tool drilling, and diamond core drilling, reverse circulation drilling. They all are different techniques to drill on different surfaces. Most of the techniques are used to sink into the earth surface. There are some method of drilling is as follows- Spot drilling- The purpose of spot drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a guide for drilling the final hole. The hole is only drilled little bit into the object because it is only used to guide the beginning of the next drilling process. Central drilling-The purpose of center drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a center of rotation. Center drilling is typically performed using a drill with a special shape, known as a center drill. Deep hole drilling-Deep hole drilling is defined as a hole depth greater than five times the diameter of the hole. Deep hole drilling is generally achievable with a few drilling methods, usually gun drilling or BTA drilling. Reverse Circulation - drilling It is most familiar type of drilling and is used to drill in to surface at greater depth. This type of drilling is faster than any other drilling mechanism. RC drilling produces rock chips rather than core. This method collects samples from depth by crumble the rock which is then blown up through an inner tube and collected in a sample bag. Reverse calculation drilling process generally uses drilling rig. It is a machine that creates holes in ground. Drilling rigs has extensive structures equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person. Drilling rigs can be mounted on trucks, or more permanent land or marine-based structures such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil accessories'. The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to infiltrate the surface of the Earth's crust.
Drill rigs can be small and portable such as used in water well process. On the other hand there are several big rigs that are used to make big depth from earth crust. In earlier time of drilling were temporary in nature, tools were often built on site and in place after the completion of drilling. There are many types and designs of drilling rigs, with many drilling rigs capable of switching or combining different drilling technologies as needed. Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes:
By power- Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic, Steam
By pipe- a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit
By height- Rigs are differentiated by height based on how many connected pipe they are able to stand in the derrick.
By position of derrick (driller) - Whether it can be vertical or slanted at 45 degree angle to behave as horizontal drilling.
By method of rotation
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Reverse Circulation Drilling, Drilling in Australia,
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