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Colon cleansing by sgbvdf asga
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Colon cleansing |
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History
A murphy drip, which could be used as a delivery device
The efficacy of colon cleansing is based on the concept of "auto-intoxication", the idea that food enters the intestine and rots. The ancient Egyptians believed that toxins formed as a result of decomposition within the intestines, and moved from there into the circulatory system causing fever and the development of pus. The Ancient Greeks adopted and expanded the idea, applying their belief in the four humours. In the 19th century, studies in biochemistry and microbiology seemed to support the autointoxication hypothesis, and mainstream physicians promoted the idea. The idea was promoted most strongly by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, who thought that these toxins could shorten the lifespan. Over time, the concept broadened to "auto-intoxication" which supposes that the body cannot fully dispose of its waste products and toxins, which then accumulate in the intestine. In some cases, the concept led to radical surgeries to remove the colon for unrelated symptoms.
Auto-intoxication enjoyed some favor in the medical community from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century, but was discarded as advances in science failed to support its claims. A 1919 paper Origin of the so-called auto-intoxication symptom in the Journal of the American Medical Association marked the beginning of the rejection of the auto-intoxication hypothesis by the medical community.
Despite this, "auto-intoxication" persists in the public imagination. The practice of colon cleansing has undergone a resurgence in the alternative medical community, supported by testimonials and anecdotal evidence and promoted by manufacturers of colon cleansing products.
Medical imaging
While colon cleasing is done for its own sake, prior to a colonoscopy the colon is cleansed of solid matter with a regiment of liquid foods then a day before the procedure a whole bowel irrigation can be performed.
Relationship to medical symptoms
The symptoms that are attributed to auto-intoxicationeadache, fatigue, loss of appetite and irritabilityre actually caused by mechanical distention within the bowel, such as irritable bowel syndrome, rather than toxins from putrefying food. The benefits anecdotally attributed to colon cleansing are vague and the claims made by manufacturers and practitioners are based on a flawed understanding of the body. There is little evidence of actual benefit to the procedure, and no evidence that it can alleviate the symptoms that are attributed to the theories of colon cleansing. No surgeries, autopsies or other observations of colons have discovered any evidence of compacted feces or other evidence to support the theory of auto-intoxication or the need for colon cleansing. There is no evidence that frequent bowel movements result in better health or longer life.
Complications and risks
Colon cleansing is not necessary as the body naturally removes waste material. Colon cleansing may disrupt the balance between bacteria and natural chemicals in the bowel, and may interfere with the colon's ability to shed dead cells. Other rare but serious complications include gastrointestinal perforation from improper insertion, and amoebic infection from poorly sterilised equipment. Some colon cleansing regimes disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance which may lead to dehydration and salt depletion, whilst repeated or excessive cleansing programs can lead to anemia and malnutrition. Excessive use of enemas have also been associated with cardiac problems such as heart failure, and heart attacks related to electrolyte imbalances when used with coffee. The frequent use of enemas or other colon cleansing tools may lead to dependence and an inability to defecate without assistance or withdrawal symptoms. Herbs that are consumed for colon cleansing and taken as oral preparations may also interfere with drug absorption and effectiveness.
Regulation
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (February 2010)
United States
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the production of equipment used in colon hydrotherapy in the USA but does not regulate their use, or the supplements used in oral colon cleansing regimens and manufacturer claims do not require verification or supporting evidence. The contents of the products are also not verified or tested. The FDA has issued several letters warning manufacturers and suppliers of colon hydrotherapy equipment about making false claims of effectiveness, safety issues and quality control violations.
See also
Alternative medicine
Body cleansing
Detoxification
Mucoid plaque
Placebo
References
^ a b c d e f Barrett, S (2008-03-09). "Gastrointestinal Quackery: Colonics, Laxatives, and More". Quackwatch. http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/gastro.html. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
^ a b "ACS: Colon Therapy". http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3x_Colon_Therapy.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
^ a b Brody, J (2008-07-22). "Health 'Facts' You Only Thought You Knew". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/health/22brod.html?_r=2&scp=2&sq=colon%20cleansing&st=cse&oref=slogin&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
^ a b c Schneider, K (2003-02-27). "How Clean Should Your Colon Be?". American Council on Science and Health. http://www.acsh.org/factsfears/newsID.194/news_detail.asp. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
^ a b c d Chen TS, Chen PS (1989). "Intestinal autointoxication: a medical leitmotif". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 11 (4): 43441. PMID 2668399.
^ a b c d e Wanjek, C (2006-08-08). "Colon Cleansing: Money Down the Toilet". LiveScience. http://www.livescience.com/health/060808_bad_colon.html. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
^ Smith JL (March 1982). "Sir William Arbuthnot-Lane, 1st Baronet, chronic intestinal stasis, and autointoxication". Annals of Internal Medicine 96 (3): 3659. PMID 7036818.
^ a b c Ernst E (June 1997). "Colonic irrigation and the theory of auto-intoxication: a triumph of ignorance over science". Journal of clinical gastroenterology 24 (4): 1968. doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00002. PMID 9252839. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0192-0790&volume=24&issue=4&spage=196.
^ a b Adams, C. "Does colonic irrigation do you any good?". The Straight Dope. http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/852/does-colonic-irrigation-do-you-any-good. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
^ Alvarez, WC (1919). "Origin of the so-called auto-intoxication symptom". JAMA.
^ Donaldson, AN (1922). "Relation of constipation to intestinal intoxication". JAMA 78: 884888.
^ a b Lindner, L (2008-01-01). "Colon Cleansing: Don't Be Misled By the Claims". Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. http://www.thirdage.com/colon-health/colon-cleansing-dont-be-misled-by-the-claims/FoodandNutrition.aspx?ChunkID=13996. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
^ a b c Picco, M (2007-03-21). "Colon cleansing: Is it helpful or harmful?". The Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/colon-cleansing/AN00065. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
^ a b Tennen M (June 2007). "The Dangers of Colon Cleansing". HealthAtoZ.com. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/dc/caz/canc/colc/alert08162005.jsp. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
^ Handley DV, Rieger NA, Rodda DJ (November 2004). "Rectal perforation from colonic irrigation administered by alternative practitioners". Med. J. Aust. 181 (10): 5756. PMID 15540974. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/181_10_151104/letters_151104-3.html.
^ "Amebiasis associated with colonic irrigation--Colorado". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 30 (9): 1012. March 1981. PMID 6789134.
^ Istre GR, Kreiss K, Hopkins RS, et al. (August 1982). "An outbreak of amebiasis spread by colonic irrigation at a chiropractic clinic". N. Engl. J. Med. 307 (6): 33942. PMID 6283354.
^ Eisele JW, Reay DT (October 1980). "Deaths related to coffee enemas". JAMA 244 (14): 16089. doi:10.1001/jama.244.14.1608. PMID 7420666.
External links
Fasting and cleansing at the Open Directory Project
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Pseudoscience
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Resources
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