When it comes to X-ray diffraction there are a few different techniques to make yourself familiar with. All of them come up with the result of being able to figure out the atomic structure of a material, but each individual strategy can be conveniently used for a more specific purpose. These methods are all rooted upon the idea that you can discover the atomic structure by analyzing the scattering of X-rays from electron clouds of atoms in the system. These individual techniques are just a variety of ways to accomplish this same result. High resolution X-ray diffraction is a method that uses parallel-beam optics to discover the thickness, crystallographic structure, and strain in epitaxial films. Single crystal X-ray diffraction allows you to learn the complete structure of crystalline materials including simple inorganic solids and even complex proteins. Powder diffraction is used to figure out the crystallographic structures as well and is often used to determine what unknown substances are. This is possible by comparing diffraction data with information from a large database run by the International Centre For Diffraction Data. X-ray pole figure analysis is helpful in deciphering the actually distribution of crystalline orientations within a thin film sample. X-ray rocking curve analysis is used in order to figure out the grain size and mosaic spread for specific crystalline materials. To the untrained ear, X-ray diffraction sounds quite complicated and the purpose may seem rather unclear, but the truth is that it is miraculous how much data can be gleaned using the current scientific techniques of analyzing scattering X-rays. It’s something almost impossible to fathom, but it is a reality.
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