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Schools of Psychology Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Humanism Gestalt Environmental psychology Evolutionary psychology Existentialism Cognitivism Biological psychology Discursive psychology Critical psychology Descriptive psychology Developmental psychology Transpersonal psychology 5 Major Schools of Psychology Psychodynamics Behaviorism Humanism Cognitive Neuroscience Early Schools Structuralism Functionalism Psychodynamic Perspective Sigmund Freud was the founder of the psychodynamic perspective or school of thought. This psychological model believes that human behavior is controlled and motivated by inner forces and conflicts with whom an individual is little aware of and hence has little power and control upon – “unconscious determinants of human behavior”. Dreams and slip of tongue is viewed as indicators to gauge the true feelings and emotions of a person. Cognitive Perspective This school of thought has evolved partly from structuralism and partly from reaction to behaviorism in psychology. Contrary to both, the cognitive perspective focuses on how people think, understand and process the world and happening around them. The cognitive perspective focuses on what people bring home from the outside world and process on a personal level thereby affecting their progression in life, reactions and decision making. Behavioral Perspective The behavioral perspective model rejects the effect of inner workings of the brain on the behavior of a person as propagated by the neuroscience or biological perspective. It rather emphasizes on analyzing observable behavior which can be measured and studied objectively. The perspective believes external surroundings and environmental causes to be the major detrimental factor in shaping the behavior of an individual. Behaviorism became the main school of thought in psychology during the 1950s. Major propagator of the behavioral perspective was John B. Watson who believed the operating environment has a great role in understanding the behavioral patterns of human beings. Humanistic Perspective The humanistic perspective originated as a contradicting response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Under to this psychological perspective, people naturally tend to grow, develop and acquire control of their lives. One of the main goal of each person to attain his/her full potential. Neuroscience/Biological Perspective The biological perspective school attempts to understand human behavior on the basis of biological basis which includes genetics, immune system and nervous system. The psychological model in this perspective analyzes the role and functioning of biological settings in shaping human behavior. Neuroscience considers the following biological components: Inheritance of individual characteristics from parents Influence of ancestors on behavior How nerve cells are joined together Amy is the author of this article. To read more about schools of thought in psychology, visit online education.
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behaviorism, cognitivism, developmental psychology, functionalist perspective, gestalt, humanism, psychoanalysis, psychology schools, school of though,
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