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New study links air pollution and early death in the u.k. by 123wert sdfsf
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New study links air pollution and early death in the u.k. |
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The researchers found that emissions originating elsewhere inEurope cause an additional 6,000 early deaths in the U.K. annually;U.K. emissions that migrate outside the country, in turn, cause3,100 premature deaths per year in other European Union nations. In some areas on the periphery of the U.K. such asnorthern Scotland almost all air pollution comes from the rest of Europe, the researchers say.
MIT's Steven Barrett and his co-author Steve Yim began the study inlight of recent events in the U.K.: London is currently inviolation of air quality standards set by the E.U., and the Britishgovernment may face significant E.U. fines if it fails to addressits air pollution. "We wanted to know if the responsibility to maintain air qualitywas matched by an ability to act or do something about it," saysBarrett, the Charles Stark Draper Assistant Professor ofAeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. "The results of the studyindicate there is an asymmetry there." Dust in the wind Barrett worked with MIT postdoc Steve Yim to analyze emissions dataprovided by the British government.
The team divided the country'semissions into sectors, including road transport; power generation;commercial, residential and agricultural sources; and othertransport, such as shipping and aviation. The group then simulated temperature and wind fields throughout thecountry using a weather research and forecasting model similar tothose used to predict short-term weather. Barrett and Yim enteredemissions data into the model to see how weather might disperse theemissions. They then ran another simulation a chemistrytransport model to see how emissions from different sectorsinteracted.
Finally, the group overlaid their simulation results on populationdensity maps to see which locations had the greatest long-termexposure to combustion emissions. Barrett observed that most of theemissions studied were composed of particles less than 2.5 micronsin diameter, a size that epidemiologists have associated with premature death . Hazy outlook After road transport, the researchers found that emissions fromshipping and aviation were the second greatest contributor topremature deaths, causing 1,800 early deaths annually, followed bypowerplant emissions, which cause an estimated 1,700 prematuredeaths each year. Barrett and Yim found that powerplant emissions have larger healthimpacts in northern England, where emissions from five major plantstend to congregate. In London, the researchers found that shippingand aviation emissions had a greater impact on health, possibly dueto the proximity of major airports to the city.
Emissions from the country's powerplants, which are mostlynortheast of major cities and emit pollution well above groundlevel, are less damaging to the general population than othersources of pollution, Barrett says. In contrast, he says emissionsfrom cars and trucks , which occur closer to where people live and work, pose a moreserious risk to human health. "People have a number of risk factors in their life," Barrett says."Air pollution is another risk factor. And it can be significant,especially for people who live in cities.". I am a professional writer from Health & Beauty, which contains a great deal of information about custom plastic wristbands , armor piercing bullets, welcome to visit!
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