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Could paint particles cool the planet? - Paint Mixing Station Manufacturer - Side Draft Paint Booth by icdenta icdenta
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Could paint particles cool the planet? - Paint Mixing Station Manufacturer - Side Draft Paint Booth by ICDENTA ICDENTA
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| Article Posted: 07/13/2012 |
| Article Views: 100 |
| Articles Written: 1096 - MORE ARTICLES FROM THIS AUTHOR |
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Could paint particles cool the planet? - Paint Mixing Station Manufacturer - Side Draft Paint Booth |
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Dispersing fine (sub-micron) light-scattering particles into theupper atmosphere could help to combat climate change, suggests aformer U.K. government advisor and chemical engineer. The technology concept developed in the U.K. advocates dispersingbenign titanium dioxide particles as used in paint, inks andsunscreens into the stratosphere to deflect the sun s rays. In atce webinar on 15 May, Peter Davidson, a Chartered ChemicalEngineer, Fellow of IChemE and the Royal Academy of Engineering,and a former senior innovation advisor to a number of governmentdepartments, will call for this geoengineering concept to beresearched as an insurance policy to cope with possiblecatastrophic effects of global warming if we don t manage toreduce CO2 emissions fast enough.
While it s essential that we work to reduce carbon dioxideemissions now, it would be wise to have a well-researched emergencysystem in reserve as a Plan B, says Davidson. The idea may sound like science fiction; but the concept in factmimics the earth-cooling effects of large volcanic eruptions whichoccur several times a century. When in 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptedin the Philippines, it caused temperatures to drop by around 0.5 Caround the globe for two years, ending most talk of global warmingduring this period. The eruption threw 20 million tons of sulphur dioxide into thestratosphere, forming a fine mist of sulphuric acid particles thatspread over the globe in a matter of months. As the size of volcanic aerosol particles is similar to thewavelength of sunlight, they scattered a small proportion of thelight (~1 %), and hence its heat back into space.
The Earth cooled. Adding sulphuric acid to the stratosphere degrades the ozone layer,and may cause regional changes in precipitation. We need a benignbut similarly sized particle; Davidson suggests titanium dioxide(TiO 2 ), mankind s most commonly-used pigment. It is stable in air,non-toxic and seven-times more effective at scattering light thansulphuric acid.
Titanium is abundant in the earth s crust and fivemillion tonnes a year of pigment is produced currently so supplyappears feasible. If you are reading this on a printed page the inkand the paper probably both have a TiO 2 pigment in them. With a candidate particle identified, the next challenge isdevising a system to effectively and economically lift and dispersemillions of tons of particles some 20 km (about 65,000 feet) upinto the stratosphere, so they stay up for a couple of years and donot immediately get rained out. Davidson says: The impact of global warming is predicted to bemost severe on the world s poorest peoples, both because of theirlack of resources and because of where they happen to be living. Iwould hope we could ensure that these peoples have a stake indecision-making and the opportunity to have their voice heard,alongside the richer countries, and appropriate NGO s (for exampleenvironmentalists), as well as other bodies.
Ideally an independent charitable trust funded by a variety ofstakeholders from around the world would research not only thetechnology but suitable governance, legal and ethical frameworks, adds Davidson. The total capital cost of the balloon, tethers, ultra high pressurepumps, and the production and transport of the particles isestimated to be 500m plus 600m in annual operating costs ina paper to be published by the Royal Society. These costs areperhaps thirty times lower than the next best technologiesconsidered, such as large numbers of very sophisticated jetaircraft, and do not have the same carbon footprint. Space mirrors on the scale needed and 20km tall towers are likelyto be for the 22nd century not this one, says Davidson. Very approximate estimates are that we d need to disperse over amillion tonnes of titanium dioxide per year to keep planetarytemperatures constant if CO2 levels in the atmosphere double.
Ifsuch an insurance policy was needed we would have to do this for 50to 150 years. Ocean acidification would be a worry but this mightbe still worse if such temperature control did not keep methaneemissions from melting arctic tundra or seas under control. At current U.K. prices, supplying these particles would cost around 3bn per year or around 50p per person per year.
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