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Introduction: Several studies have suggested that there is a high deficiency of vitamin D in the HIV infected patient’s having the high risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Importance Vitamin D also plays an important role in immunological responses to the pathogens, metabolic syndrome and other clinical problems. Many of the observational studies have been stated that there is more prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HIV followed by the antiretroviral therapy with increased rate of lipoatrophy and metabolic abnormalities. Low (25-OH) vitamin D levels have been associated with the low CD4 (+) counts, immunological hyperactivity. The effect of antiretroviral agents may also lead to the decrease 25-OH vitamin D levels. Vitamin D has the ability to up-regulate immunological responses by the activation of human macrophages, monocyte chemotaxis and other mechanisms which explains the relation between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. HIV in Infected Patients Most of the HIV patients will respond poorly to H1N1 vaccine and other influenza vaccines when compared with non infected patients. Researchers took the samples of patients in order to know the reason behind the susceptibility towards H1N1 vaccine using the vitamin D levels in the individuals but the explanation was unclear and they have tried to resolve the problem using different doses of vaccines. Unexpectedly they found that there is no relation between the vitamin D level and prior exposure to H1N1 and vaccine response. Why Do People Become Vitamin D Deficient? Typically, people are lacking in vitamin D for one of the three reasons. Certain illnesses can cause vitamin D deficiency, the most common of which is renal disease. In fact, people with kidney failure or kidney disease typically need to take vitamin D products or prescriptions to sustain regular vitamin D stages. In addition, because there are few food resources of vitamin D, diet cannot be relied on to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Functions vitamin D VDR present on bone, skin, parathyreoid gland, pancreas, adipose tissue, immune system, CNS • Calcium phosphate homeostasis • Bone mineralisation • Diabetes • Psoriasis • Cognitive impairment, MS • Auto-immune disorders, • Cancer • Infections: TB !! HIV Why Are HIV-Positive People Particularly at Risk for Vitamin D Deficiency? In addition to the above three reasons, researchers have found that HIV-infected individuals seem more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency for a few reasons. People living with HIV use more vitamin D for normal bodily processes than others do. In addition, they have defects in renal hydroxylation. This is a process that adds a hydrogen and oxygen compound to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in order to convert it to a form of supplement D the body system can use. How Vitamin D Deficiency Is Treated Vitamin D supplies – taking vitamin D supplements. Your doctor can prescribe you a dose that is appropriate for you; a common dose prescribed is 50,000 IU of vitamin D2 or D3 taken orally once each week for 8 weeks. After restoring your vitamin D level, your doctor will typically prescribe a dose of 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D3 taken orally per day.To know more details you can visit Omics Group for the treatments used in it. Author Refers for Omics Group
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metabolic syndrome, vitamin D levels, antiretroviral therapy,
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