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A field in the medicine that primarily deals in repairing the damage colon, rectum and anus caused by diseases of the lower digestive tract is Colorectal Surgery. These diseases may be due to injury, obstruction, or ischemia. The common diseases that necessitate the Colorectal Surgery as treatment option that requires major reconstructive procedure involving the intestinal tract include: - Colorectal cancer from uncontrolled cancer cell growth in the - Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by ulcers, or open sores. - Crohn’s Disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. There are also other bowel diseases that require Colorectal Surgery to a lesser extent. These bowel diseases include: - Haemorrhoids are inflamed vascular structures in the anal canal. - Anal fissures are tears in the lining of the anal canal. - Rectal prolapse refers to a medical condition wherein there is fall down from the normal anatomical position on section of the rectal wall usually associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. - Bowel incontinence is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents including flatus, and stool elements and mucus. - Imperforated anus is birth defects due to congenital anomalies in males and females in which the rectum is malformed. - Fistula is an abnormal connection between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect.[ Sometimes Colorectal surgery is being performed to the pelvic floor to repair perineal hernia and protrusion of the rectum into the vagina called rectocele. Most of these surgeries are done to repair tears, remove obstructions, or tighten sphincter muscles for immediate relief. To determine the need for Colorectal surgery, the physician must conduct a thorough screening in taking patient’s history, assessing pain sensation, and diagnostic exams such as Colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging.
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