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Curved laser beams could help tame thunderclouds - China Laser Controller - IPL Power Supply Manufa by icdenta icdenta
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Curved laser beams could help tame thunderclouds - China Laser Controller - IPL Power Supply Manufa by ICDENTA ICDENTA
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| Article Posted: 07/12/2013 |
| Article Views: 115 |
| Articles Written: 1096 - MORE ARTICLES FROM THIS AUTHOR |
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Curved laser beams could help tame thunderclouds - China Laser Controller - IPL Power Supply Manufa |
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Business,Business News,Business Opportunities
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Lasers may have thousands of applications in every section of modern society , but all laser beams are fundamentally similar single-colouredand straight. Now, US physicists have helped to break that mould by creating thefirst curved laser beams. The feat could one day help guidelightning to the ground. Optics researchers led by Pavel Polynkin at the University of Arizona in Tucson generated35-femtosecond-long laser pulses from a standard titanium-sapphire system . The straight laser pulses differ from standard lasers in that theycover a wide range of colour frequencies rather than a singlecolour.
Each pulse then passes through a transparent "phasepattern" mask and a lens, which together divide the laser pulseinto its constituent parts, rather like breaking a musical chordinto its individual notes. The intensity profile of a normal laser beam is symmetrical arounda central intense region, but the mask and lens are speciallydesigned to impose an unusual asymmetric intensity profile,creating a so-called Airy beam. On the right-hand side of the Airybeam there is one intense bright region, and there is a series ofsmaller, less intense regions to the left (see image). Plasma arc As the pulse moves away from the lens, energy flows between thedifferent intensity regions.
Because of the underlying asymmetry,the beam bends around 5 millimetres to the right over its60-centimetre measured length. That's not enough to send the beamsaround sharp corners, but they could be guided around objects, suchas cells, in microscopic applications. There is such an intense concentration of electromagnetic energy inthe strong curving peak of the pulse that it ionises the air as ittravels, leaving a plasma arc in its wake. Team member Demetrios Christodoulides of the University of Central Florida in Orlando says those plasmaarcs can help in analytical procedures. "The emissions generated during the process are indicative of thegas composition [that the plasma is travelling through]," he says.
Spectacular application Previously, straight plasma channels have been used to producethose emissions, but all the emissions are projected forwards ontothe same spot. Since the forward direction constantly changes forthe arc, however, the emissions would arrive at different points ona detector. "Now, because the emissions are from a curved plasmapattern, you can pinpoint precisely where in the gas they camefrom," Christodoulides says. But J r me Kasparian at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, who was not involved in the study, thinks plasmachannels produced by laser pulses could perform a more spectacularfunction on a larger scale. Kasparian and Jean-Pierre Wolf, also at Geneva, are attempting touse plasma channels to control lightning strikes by firing laserpulses into thunderclouds.
Curved lightning In 2004, Kasparian and Wolf took their plasma channel-generatinglaser equipment into thunderstorms in New Mexico. They firedstraight laser pulses into the thunderclouds 10 times every second,hoping that the high energy plasma channels that form in the laserpulse's wake would trigger lightning strikes, which would thentravel along the plasma channels down to the ground, like a trainrunning along railway tracks ( Optics Express , DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.005757 ). "We didn't detect triggered lightning but we did detect electricactivity synchronised with the laser pulses," says Kasparian. Hethinks the plasma was too low in energy to trigger full lightningstrikes, but the researchers think they can solve that problem withmodifications to the system. Kasparian says that in future, Christodoulides's team's work couldbe combined with his to help aim the laser pulses and plasmachannels at specific targets, such as clouds, although he pointsout that the laser pulses can also be guided using mirrors.
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