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To remove metal cations, calcium, magnesium, iron and other minerals from water and to make it suitable for industrial and drinking purposes, Water Softener is used. Water containing these minerals and metal ions is known as hard water, and these might clog the underground water pipes and can make water unsuitable for washing and drinking. Working Principle Water Softener is a type of appliance that uses salt of sodium to remove the hardness of the water as this salt replaces the metals and minerals. This appliance is considered as ion-exchanger and it is designed for removal or positively charged ions. These appliances contain resin beads which forms a bed of resin and hard water is made to pass through these beds for ion exchange. These beads attract mineral ions and exchange sodium ions in return. As soon as these beds are saturated with these hard minerals the softener quickly flushes these mineral out of the system in form of a brine solution. Softening Salts There are numerous types of salts which are used in these softening systems and these might include the rock salt, evaporated salt or the solar salt. These salts contain different amount of sodium chloride and their function depends upon the percentage of sodium chloride present in them. Among these salts, the solar salt and the rock salt is ideal for softening water as they contain nearly 99 percent of sodium chloride. Types Single column softener is very popular for commercial and domestic purposes. Reverse osmosis softeners is used for large scale softening and is mainly used in various industries and this type of system contains a semi permeable membrane and pre and post filters. There are duplex softeners which have two vessels containing resins and one of these vessels is used as standby. The control valve present in this duplex system automatically switches the flow of water to the standby vessel when the first resin vessel reaches the exhaustion level. Some of the industrial softeners use booster pumps to control the flow of water. Maintenance One should always clean the resin beds to remove the insoluble matters from them in order to make these softeners work smoothly. The mechanical parts and the systems which are used should be checked periodically to avoid malfunctioning of these softeners. One can use magnetic softeners to avoid scale buildup which occurs primarily due to use of various types of salts. Manufacture and Purchasing There are several water treatment companies from whom one can purchase these softeners. These manufacturing companies use latest tools and technologies for production of these appliances. They have well trained professionals who check the manufacturing process and also check the defected parts. Most of these manufacturing companies directly supply these softeners to various industries at a discounted rate. To get information about the types and the price of these appliances one can check various web portals. From these websites one can get information about the working principle and the process of maintenance of these systems. Visit here to know more about water treatment companies in India.
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