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In earlier times, typhoid fever was also called as gastric fever, abdominal typhus, slow fever and pathogenic fever. The bacterium Salmonella typhi affects human beings only and is transmitted through contaminated food or water. Once the bacterium enters the body, it multiplies itself within stomach. The multitudes of bacteria enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. If untreated, it can perforate crucial internal organs. As mentioned above, typhoid spreads from contaminated water and food. Contamination occurs when water or food comes into contact with bacterium dwelling in affected person’s feces. Typhoid endemics occur at the places where cleansing and sanitation facilities are poor. Symptoms:- • Fluctuating High fever(From low up to 104 F) • Skin rash • Nausea and vomiting • Loss of appetite • Headaches • Fatigue • Diarrhea or constipation • Internal perforations • Hemorrhage Complication:- • Intestinal perforation • Endocarditis – inflammation of heart lining and valves • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Kidney and bladder infections • Pancreatitis -Inflammation of the pancreas • Cholecystitis -Inflammation of the gallbladder • Psychosis and delirium Diagnosis:- • Widal test • Stool sample • Tissue culture Treatment:- • Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and ampicillin • IV drips • Hospitalization Prevention:- • Ty21 vaccine injected in muscles and booster shot after 5 years • Avoiding food cooked on road side if hygienic practices of food handler are unknown. • Drink clean and boiled water. Avoid ice if source of water is unknown. • Eat fruits and raw vegetables after proper washing • Avoid pre cut fruits and vegetable • Avoid salad if you are unknown about food handler’s hygienic practices • Install habit of washing your hands properly before cooking or eating. Patients are advised not to discontinue medicines as they start feeling better because Typhoid has high chances of relapse. Persons just recovered from this disease may still be carriers of bacteria and thus advised to follow good hygienic practices to not infect others. Side effects of drugs and emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria are two major concerns nowadays. The earlier used drug chloramphenicol is found to cause cardiac deterioration. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin have failed to curb some species of typhi bacteria. So, if you get any of the symptoms, don’t panic. Confirm the diagnosis, promptly follow the course of medications and hydrate yourself well. With proper care it can be tackled successfully. Harry Kelly is the author of these great articles. He works in the freelancer content writer of a famous pharmacy site online currently he is working with xldrugstore.com. In his work he is committed to help men to know more about the benefits of Avanafil, Zydena, Udenafil, Super Avanafil
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Typhoid, Fatigue, Hemorrhage, Skin rash,
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