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First success of targeted therapy in type of non-small cell lungcancer by efwegbe erergeer
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First success of targeted therapy in type of non-small cell lungcancer |
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A novel compound has become the first targeted therapy to benefitpatients with the most common genetic subtype of lung cancer , an international clinical trial led by scientists at Dana-FarberCancer Institute and other institutions will report at the annualmeeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) June1-5 in Chicago. Pasi A. J nne, MD, PhD, scientific co-director of Dana-Farber'sBelfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, will present thefindings from the randomized phase II study (abstract 7503) onMonday, June 4, 3 p.m. CT, E Hall D2, McCormick Place. The study involved 87 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patientswhose tumors carry a mutation in the gene KRAS.
Such tumors accountfor about 20 percent of NSCLC cases, but no targeted therapy hasproved effective against them in previous clinical research. Thedrug under investigation, selumetinib, doesn't attack KRASdirectly, but interferes with one of its molecular henchmen, aprotein called MEK. Participants in the study all had advanced stages of the disease.They received the standard chemotherapy agent docetaxel incombination with either selumetinib or a placebo. By many measures - the rate and duration of response to treatment,change in tumor size, and proportion of patients alive and showingno signs of advancing disease - the group receiving selumetinib didsignificantly better than the other group.
Most clinicallysignificant were the improved rate of response to treatment (37percent compared to 0 percent in the placebo arm) and prolongedprogression-free survival (5.3 months compared to 2.1 months in theplacebo arm). Although patients in the selumetinib group survivedlonger, on average, than those in the placebo group - 9.4 monthscompared to 5.2 months - the improvement was not consideredstatistically significant. "This clinical trial demonstrates that a combination ofchemotherapy and selumetinib is significantly better thanchemotherapy alone for this group of patients - better in terms oftumor response to therapy and in terms of survival times prior toadvance of the disease," says J nne. "It suggests that for thefirst time we may have an effective treatment for KRAS-mutant lungcancer, which is the largest single subtype of the disease. Theseimpressive clinical findings not only have implications for thetreatment of lung cancer but all cancers that harbor KRAS mutations, including pancreatic and colorectal cancer ." Some side effects, such as neutropenia (a white blood celldeficiency), loss of strength, acne , and respiratory problems were more common in the selumetinibgroup than the other, but the rate of patients dropping out of thestudy because of severe side effects was similar for both groups.
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