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Heart valve replacement is replacing a valve that is damaged and is replaced with mechanical (made up of synthetic material) or tissue valve (tissue is taken from any human donor, cow). In this disorder, any valve of the heart can be affected. Atria is the upper chamber of the heart and 'Ventricles' is the lower chamber of the heart. The valve of the heart has folds that open and close with every heartbeat, permitting blood to move through the upper and lower chamber of the heart to the entire body. There are four valves in the heart: the tricuspid valve the pulmonary valve the mitral valve the aortic valve Blood streams from the right and left atria through the 'tricuspid and mitral valves, which permits blood to stream into the right and left ventricles. These valves are then closed to stop the backflow of blood in the atria. At the point when the ventricles have stacked up with blood, they begin to contract, convincing the pulmonary and aortic valves to open. Blood at that point streams to the 'pneumonic supply route' and 'aorta'. The pulmonary artery conveys deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The 'aorta' (biggest supply route of the body), conveys oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The main function of the heart valves is to ensure the forward flow of the blood and doesn't cause any leakage or backflow of the blood. Heart Valve Replacement in India In the case of heart valve disorder, there can be leaking (regurgitation) or narrowing of the valve (stenosis) or can be a combination of both. Due to this severe symptoms like chest pain, syncope, and shortness of breath might happen. In case of no symptoms, the patient should be advised for various diagnostic tests echocardiography, MRI, angiogram, and radionuclide scans. Heart Valve Replacement Symptoms Shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and so on are some of its symptoms. Causes This medical procedure is done to address the issues brought about by at least one unhealthy heart valve. If your heart valve(s) gets harmed or is unwell, you may have the accompanying side effects: Chest torment Breathing troubles Palpitations Edema (growing) of the feet, lower legs, or mid-region (midsection) Types of Valves used in Heart valve replacement The various types of valves are Mechanical valve: They are durable and generally one medical procedure is required. Yet, there is a danger of the development of blood clusters. So, the patient is advised to take anti-coagulants like warfarin. Tissue valves: they are made from 'animal heart valve tissue' or 'pericardial tissue'. It is used to prevent the calcification of tissue. 'Human aortic valve' can be used as an alternative to an animal tissue valve. Another method for aortic valve substitution is the 'Ross Procedure' in which the aortic valve is eliminated and supplanted with the patient's aspiratory valve. Homograft: it is obtained from a donor. Homograft is beneficial for pregnant women and children as it does not require long-term anticoagulant therapy but it has limited supply as availability depends on the donor. Types of Valve Replacement Surgery are: Aortic Valve Replacement Mitral Valve Replacement Double Valve Replacement Pulmonary Valve Replacement Heart Valve Replacement Treatment Treatments rely upon the seriousness of the disorder. In case of mild symptoms conservative treatment is prescribed: Regular medical supervision quitting smoking or any habit that might hamper the treatment healthy diet Heart Valve Replacement in India Medications prescribed are: 'beta-blockers' and 'calcium channel blockers' (help to control pulse and bloodstream) 'diuretics' (diminish fluid retention) 'vasodilators' (opens or expand veins) If there should be an occurrence of extreme indications medical procedure is suggested: patient's tissue an animal valve (in case of biological valve replacement) valve donated from someone else a 'mechanical' or 'artificial' valve 'Valvuloplasty' may likewise be utilized to treat stenosis. (an inflatable is embedded in the heart where it is swelled after the expansion is expanded inflatable is eliminated) Before Procedure before the surgery, the patient should have undergone a complete physical examination, blood tests, and diagnostic tests. The patient is asked to fast for 8 hours before the procedure. In case of pregnancy, the doctor should be informed. The patient should inform the doctor in case of any allergy to any medication or anesthetic agents. The patient should give a proper history of his/her medication and also what all medication he/she is taking. The doctor should be informed about any medical history like bleeding disorder. The patient should inform the doctor in case he/she is wearing a pacemaker. In case the patient smokes, smoking should be stopped before the procedure After Procedure Heart Valve Replacement After the procedure patient is shifted to ICU for a few days and then to the room, and the Patient's vitals are checked regularly. The patient is asked to eat healthy food like vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers which will help in healing and reduce complications. The patient might have a metallic taste due to medications, it might take around 3 months to recover fully. Reduce salt intake Avoid sugary food Pain medication is prescribed for a few weeks (if pain persists patient should visit a doctor) Follow-up is necessary as the patient can resume daily activities like driving, sex, work, gardening, and housework accordingly. Recovery The patient has to stay in the hospital for a minimum of 1 week after the surgery. If the surgery is minimally-invasive then the patient can get discharged early. Regular check-up of vitals is done during the first few days. Overall recovery takes a few weeks to several months, depending on the healing and type of surgery. Follow-up is necessary so that the doctor can determine when the patient can resume his/her daily activities. FAQS What is heart valve disease? What are its symptoms? How serious is this disease? How long you can live after a Heart Valve Replacement in India? How long the valve replacement will take? The average age for valve replacement? What is the various diagnostic test for heart valve disease? What are the treatment and procedure? What all tests doctor will perform to determine the treatment plan? What are the various treatment options? What is the prognosis of the disease? Is there any complication? What are the changes made after the treatment? What is the best kind of valve replacement? How long it will take to recover? How dangerous is valve replacement? What will be the cost of the treatment? Pros There is less risk of infection Reduce the use of blood-thinning medications like warfarin. Preservation of the patient valve will improve the quality of life of the patient. Cons One of the main disadvantages of the surgery is poor durability, as many patients might require re-operation in 10-20 years. Risks There is around 2% death risk associated with valve replacement surgery The risk associated with the surgery: Heart Valve Replacement in India Bleeding during or after the medical procedure Blood clusters that can cause cardiovascular failure, stroke, or lung issues Infection Pneumonia Pancreatitis Breathing issues Arrhythmias (strange heart rhythms) The fixed or supplanted valve doesn't work accurately Death Bleeding after surgery. Explore low-cost Aortic Valve Replacement in India, starting from 12000 to 24000 USD. A comprehensive guide on lung transplant cost in different countries.
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