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Medical technologies have been advancing at a fast pace. With the advent of remarkable diagnostic techniques and procedures, it has become possible to discover a solution for most of the ailments. Replacing the damaged body part with artificial organs is a reality now. To replace worn or damaged parts of hip or knee joint is called hip and knee replacement. When conservative treatments and medication don’t give pain relief to the patient, orthopaedic doctors will advise for hip and knee replacement. This surgery has evolved over the years. Nowadays it is possible for the patients to have a hip and knee replacement without blood transfusion. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) damages are the most common problems that orthopaedic surgeons deal with. It is commonly found in athletes who play soccer, volleyball, basketball and others. For ACL injuries, there are two types of treatments of choice. They are ACL reconstruction and ACL repair. ACL reconstruction is all about restoring its function in the knee, with a surgical tissue graft replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. On the other hand, the torn ACL is reattached to the bone during the repair procedure. Before the graft is inserted through a hole created by a single hole punch, the torn ligament is removed from the knee. This surgery is called arthroscopy. This technique helps to diagnose and treat knee joint injuries more accurately, which makes it a preferred diagnostic method. During arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, an orthopaedic surgeon makes a couple of surgical cut around the knee. Later, they inject sterile saline solution into the knee by one portal as it expands clear viewing. Then the surgeon inserts arthroscopic device into the joint through one incision. With the help of surgical cuts, drills are inserted to repair the torn ligament. Even though it is different from the hip and knee replacement, the procedure is used to treat the undesirable physical conditions of knees. Arthroscopy techniques allow the surgeon to see the interior of the joint more clearly as it lightens the inside structure of the knee. It is connected to a TV monitor in the operating room and allows the pictures of the inside of knee to the video screen. The surgeon will remove torn ligament with an electric razor inserted into the joint through one surgical cut in the ACL reconstruction surgery. A larger cut will be needed if the tissue is taken from your own body. While making tunnels in the femur and tibia, surgeon allows the passage of the graft. Like the damaged ACL, the removed tissue is grafted in the same position. The surgical cuts are closed with stitches. Knee arthroscopy is performed using anaesthesia on patient and it takes almost one and two hours to complete. It is safe as there is a minimum post-surgical pain and has a faster healing process. Thus, the goal of ACL surgery is to restore normal stability in the knee and prevent its further injuries.
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hip and knee replacement, acl reconstruction, arthroscopy,
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