Command voice
Drill commands are best given when the person has an excellent command voice. A command voice is characterized by DLIPS: Distinctness, Loudness, Inflection, Projection, and Snap.
Distinctness - This depends on the correct use of the tongue, lips, and teeth to form the separate sounds of a word and to group those sounds to force words. Distinct commands are effective; indistinct commands cause confusion. Emphasize clear enunciation.
Loudness - This is the volume used in giving a command. It should be adjusted to the distance and number of individuals in the formation. The commander takes a position in front of, and centered on, the unit and facing the unit so his or her voice reaches all individuals. Speak loudly enough for all to hear, but do not strain the vocal cords.
Inflection - This is the change in pitch of the voice. Pronounce the preparatory commandhe command that announces the movementith a rising inflection near or at the end of its completion, usually the last syllable. When beginning a preparatory command, the most desirable pitch of voice is near the level of the natural speaking voice. A common fault is to start the preparatory command so high that, after employing a rising inflection, the passage to a higher pitch for the command of execution is impossible without undue strain. A properly delivered command of execution has no inflection. However, it should be given at a higher pitch than the preparatory command.
Projection - This is the ability of your voice to reach whatever distance is desired without undue strain. To project the command, focus your voice on the person farthest away. Counting in a full, firm voice and giving commands at a uniform cadence while prolonging the syllables are good exercises. Erect posture, proper breathing, a relaxed throat, and an open mouth help project the voice.
Snap - This is the conciseness of the command.
Common drill commands
United Kingdom
Each of the three services in the United Kingdom has its own drill manuals. Most commands are the same across all three services, but there are significant differences in the way movements are carried out.
Drill orders are always given in the form of 2 components,(Precautionary Order and the Executive Order) each component usually separated by Consecutive feet that the order is given on, at the cadence of quick march (116 paces a minute). In General Orders are given consecutive beats of the right foot however in some cases (IE eyes left, left turn on the march) the orders are given on consecutive beats of the left foot.:
For example, in the command "Parade, Right Turn" "Parade" indicates to whom the order is being given, "Right" gives warning that an order is to follow, on hearing the word "Turn" the order executed. The first word is usually drawn out (e.g. Ri-i-i-ght...) to allow time for preparation for the order to follow, the second word (the 'executive') is delivered sharply with extra emphasis, (e.g. TURN!)
British Army long form: e.g. "Company will retire, about turn!". This works well on a large parade ground because of the relatively slow delivery. "Company will retire" is the warning and says what is to be achieved. "About turn" says what to do and gives the timing of when to do it.
Royal Navy
In the Royal Navy, commands are given on the right foot except for the left turn or left wheel. Especially with the shorter commands which have no cautionary, e.g. "HO", an identifier is used, e.g. "Squad", "Divisions", "Parade", "Ship's Company", "Guard of Honour", etc. Due to the different working environment of the Naval Service, feet are not stamped and knees are not raised except when marking time. The Royal Navy marches at a cadence of 116 paces to the minute in quick time, 65 paces to the minute in slow time (75 for funeral gun carriages), and 180 paces to the minute in double time.
"Fall in" - Individuals form a formation at the "at ease" position.
"Change ARMS" - Individuals change the side of the body that the rifle is held on. This command can be given both when the rifle is in the shoulder arms position and the slope arms position. This command was introduced for use with the SA80 and was not previously used, except for demonstration drill with the SLR. Also used with the SLR (but no longer in use with SA80) is the command "Trail Arms", involving the transfer of the soldier's grip from the pistol grip to the carrying handle of the rifle in order to carry the rifle horizontally, even though this is incorrect as the 'carrying handle' is, in fact, the read sight (on cadet modified rifles) and where the SUSAT sight should be found (on non-modified rifles).
"Present ARMS" - Individuals execute a rifle salute and hold it until given the command "slope arms" ("shoulder arms" with the SLR).
"Shoulder ARMS" - Individuals bring their rifle back down to their side. The command "order arms" was used with the longer SLR.
"Slope ARMS" - Individuals place the rifle in the slope, which is with the magazine and pistolgrip facing to the individual's left, and the rifle resting on the left shoulder, supported by the left arm at an angle of ninety degrees. This position was not used with the SLR.
"Off CAPS" - This order is given before prayers are read, and formerly before inspection. Men bring the right hand to the left hand brim of the cap (for men dressed as seamen) or to the peak of the cap (for officers and senior rates), grasping the cap. After two marching paces, the cap is brought smartly to the side. Women stand still. A different manoeuvre is carried out to the same command when three cheers are to be given.
"On CAPS" - Caps are replaced on the head. After two marching paces, the right hand is brought smartly to the side. Caps and berets are not adjusted until the order "Stand EASY" is next given.
"Dis-MISS" - This command is given to disband the unit, individuals do a 90 degree turn to the right, dwell two marching paces, and then disperse.
"By the right (left) DRESS" - Individuals in the front rank except those on the extreme right side turn their heads to the right and raise their right arms parallel to the ground in order to get the proper distance from each other. In other ranks, all except those on the extreme right turn their heads to the right. When all movement has ceased, arms are brought smartly down and heads turned to the front, starting at the right, those on the left following on in rapid succession. If the command "Right DRESS" (rather than "By the right DRESS") is given, heads and arms are kept in position until the command "Eyes FRONT". If the command is "Left DRESS" or "By the left DRESS", heads are turned and arms raised to the left. If half-arm or no intervals are desired, the command can be preceded with "With half-arm intervals" or "Without intervals".
"Stand at EASE" - Individuals move the left foot so that both feet are shoulder width apart, bringing both arms behind the back interlocking the hands. If armed, the arms are not brought behind the back. When armed with the SLR, the movement was the same as with the American command.
"Stand EASY" - Individuals are permitted light movement, but are not allowed to talk or move their feet. If armed, the left and right arms are brought slowly and uniformly to meet in the centre of the body supporting the butt of the rifle. The barrel rests over the right shoulder. The movement is completed to the timing: "One thousand, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, still."
"Eyes FRONT" - Individuals face forwards again. 2i/cs bring down their salutes.
"HALT" - The executive is given on the right foot, and is followed by a check pace with the left foot followed by the right foot which is placed smartly alongside the left foot without stamping. The timing used is "one, still". The movement is the same whether given in quick or slow time.
"HO" (known as Attention) - Individuals brace up at the identifier ("Parade"/"Divisions"/"Squad", etc.). At the executive, the left foot is brought smartly together with the right foot and arms are brought down to the side.
"Right (left) in-CLINE" - Individuals turn 45 degrees to the right (left).
"Close order MARCH" - The formation is restored to its normal interval.
"Double MARCH" - Individuals jog in time. The command is usually preceded by the command "By the left (right, centre), depending on which file (left, right or centre) they are take their dressing from, not which foot they use to step off on.
"Forward (Step back) MARCH" - Individuals take the appropriate number of steps to the front or rear, starting with the left foot, in quick time. This command is given at the halt, and preceded with the number of paces, e.g. "One pace only".
"Left (Right) close MARCH" - Individuals take the appropriate number of steps to the left or to the right, closing with the other foot, in quick time. This command is given at the halt, and preceded with the number of paces, e.g. "One pace only".
"Open order MARCH" - Each rank (row) spreads out from the middle rank by stepping forwards or backwards. If only two ranks, the rear rank steps backwards. It is usual to precede the command with the number of paces to be marched, as described below, unless this has already been briefed.
"Quick MARCH" - Individuals begin marching, always setting off on the left foot. The initial pace follows immediately the executive is given, and is a reduced pace of 20 inches, compared with a full marching pace of 30 inches. The command is usually preceded by the command "By the left (right, centre), depending on which file (left, right or centre) they are take their dressing from, not which foot they use to step off on.
"Slow MARCH" - Individuals begin marching at ceremonial pace, bringing their foot forward, holding it level above the ground briefly, then placing it onto the ground. The command is usually preceded by the command "By the left (right, centre), depending on which file (left, right or centre) they are take their dressing from, not which foot they use to step off on.
"Eyes RIGHT (LEFT)" - Individuals, except the right (left) marker, turn their heads to the right (left). 2i/cs salute.
"About TURN" - Individuals turn 180 degrees (always turning to the right), ending up facing the opposite direction, turning on the heel of the right (left) and the ball of the left (right) foot. The rear foot is then brought smartly alongside the front foot. When given on the march, the executive is given on the right foot, and is followed by a single check pace with the left foot, followed by three mark-time paces during which the body is turned 180 degrees to the right with the hands held still by the side. The step off is with the left foot.
"Right (left) TURN" - Individuals turn 90 degrees to the right (left), turning on the heel of the right (left) and the ball of the left (right) foot. The rear foot is then brought smartly alongside the front foot. At the halt, the command is preceded by the precautionary "Into line" (to bring the squad into lines abreast), "Move to the right (left) in threes" (to make the squad three abreast, the officer at the side) or "Move to the right (left) in column of route" (to make the squad three abreast, the officer leading). When ordered on the march, the command is given on the right (left) foot. The arms are held still while a single check pace to the front follows. The next pace is placed at 90 degrees in the direction ordered. On the second pace in the new direction arms are again swung.
"To the front (right, left) SALUTE" - The right hand is brought up to touch the rim of the cap over the right eye, palm facing down and slightly inwards. The head faces the front or is turned to the right or left as appropriate. At the halt, the salute is held for two marching paces. On the march, it is held until the person or object being saluted is past.
"Change STEP" - The executive is given on the right foot, and is followed by a full pace on the left foot with the instep of the right foot swiftly brought to the heel of the left foot, which continues with another pace. The timing used is "left-close, left".
"Mark TIME" - Individuals march in place, with the knees brought up so that the thigh is parallel to the ground.
"Right (left) WHEEL" - This command is given on the march. The unit pivots about the front left or right soldier. That inside soldier almost marks time while turning, and the rest of the front line moves round by 90 degrees.
Other services
The following commands are generally used, with a few variations, by the British Army, Royal Marines and Royal Air Force. Most commands given whilst marching are given when the left foot hits the ground (with the exception of the left turn and the change step), i.e. the last word of the command is timed to match the left foot's impact. Actions are described with SLRs rather than the traditional Drill Purpose .303's
"Fall in" - Individuals form a formation at the "at ease" position. In more informal drill, many NCOs say "Get fell in".
"Attention" - Individuals snap to the position of attention, bringing the left leg up so that the thigh is parallel to the ground and bringing the left foot down in a stamp. The command is usually abbreviated to "Shun", although the RAF has only recently adopted this usage.
"Present arms" - Individuals execute a rifle salute and hold it until given the command "slope arms" ("shoulder arms" with the SLR).
"Slope arms" - Individuals place the rifle in the slope, which is with the magazine and pistolgrip facing to the individual's left, and the rifle resting on the left shoulder, supported by the left arm at an angle of ninety degrees. This position was not used with the SLR.
"Shoulder arms" - Individuals bring their rifle back down to their side. The command "order arms" was used with the longer SLR.
"Change arms" - Individuals change the side of the body that the rifle is held on. This command can be given both when the rifle is in the shoulder arms position and the slope arms position. This command was introduced for use with the SA80 and was not previously used, except for demonstration drill with the SLR. Also used with the SLR (but no longer in use with SA80) is the command "Trail Arms", involving the transfer of the soldier's grip from the pistol grip to the carrying handle of the rifle in order to carry the rifle horizontally.
"Open Order, March" - Each rank (row) spreads out from the middle rank by stepping forwards or backwards. If only two ranks, the rear rank steps backwards.
"Close Order, March" - The formation is restored to its normal interval.
"Right dress" - Individuals except those on the extreme right side turn their heads to the right and raise their right arms parallel to the ground in order to get the proper distance from each other. Individuals at the extreme right, apart from the individual at the front (the right marker), raise their right arms straight out in front of them. Sometimes combined with open or close order as "In open/close order, right dress". This can also be given as left dress (looking to the left, left arms raised), or inwards dress (looking to the centre, with left and right arms raised depending on position from the centre.)
"Stand at ease" - Individuals spread their feet about twelve inches, by lifting the thigh parallel to the ground, while bringing both of their arms behind their back interlocking their hands. If armed, the left and right arms maintained at the sides of the body. When armed with the SLR, the movement was the same as with the American command.
"Stand easy" - Individuals are permitted light movement, but are not allowed to talk or move their feet. If armed, the left and right arms are brought slowly and uniformly to meet in the centre of the body supporting the butt of the rifle. The barrel rests over the right shoulder. The movement is completed to the timing: "One thousand, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, still."
"Right (left) turn" - Individuals turn 90 degrees to the right (left). Can also be ordered on the march. For a left turn, the command is given when the right foot hits the ground, the left foot is then placed as normal, the next right pace is placed at 90 degrees in front of the left foot. The next right pace is in that direction as well and marching continues.
"Right (left) incline" - Individuals turn 45 degrees to the right (left).
"Right (left) wheel" - The unit pivots about the front left or right soldier. That inside soldier almost marks time while turning, and the rest of the front line moves round by 90 degrees.
"About turn" - Individuals turn 180 degrees (always turning to the right), ending up facing the opposite direction. Can also be ordered on the march. When given whilst marching, the command is given as the right heel strikes the ground. A check pace is taken with the left, and the right foot is carried into the instep of the left foot. The Left knee is raised while the right pivots the body 90 degrees to the right, the right knee is raised while the left pivots 90 degrees to the right, bringing the body to face 180 degrees. The left knee is raised to complete the movement. Then step off with the right foot.
Note: Usually remembered by "Step" "T" "L" "V" "Step" "March" where T, L, V stands for the general shape of the feet when the 'about turn' is done.
"By the right (left, centre), quick, march" - Individuals begin marching, always setting off on the left foot. The term "by the..." refers to which file (left, right or centre) they take their dressing from, not which foot they use to step off on. Timing used is "check, in, left, right, left, away."
"By the right (left, centre), slow march" - Individuals begin marching at ceremonial pace, bringing their foot forward, holding it level above the ground briefly, then sliding it into the ground.
"Halt" - Given on the left foot in quick time. Timing used is "check, one, two." Given on as the left foot passes the right in slow time, with the left striking the ground and the right thigh bent parallel to the ground, the right foot driven in beside the left in quick time.
"Change step" - Individuals execute a movement in order to get in step with the formation. Ordered on the right foot.
"Mark time" - Individuals march in place.
"Double time" - Individuals begin to jog.
"Eyes right (left)" - Individuals, except the right marker, turn their heads to the right (left).
"Eyes front" - Individuals face forwards again.
"Salute to the front, salute" - Individuals initiate a halt, perform two salutes then a full about turn and march off in the opposite direction. If given at the halt, the only one salute is given, and is held until the command "Shun" (attention).
"Salute to the right (left), salute" - Individuals move their head so as to look to the right (left), while at the same time bringing their hand up to the salute position parallel to their right eye for five seconds, then snap it back down to their sides and turn their head so they are facing the front again.
"Dismiss" - there are two variations - The "Dismiss", usually precursed by the order, to your duties, or End of Day. This command is given to disband the unit, individuals do a 90 degree turn to the right (45 for RAF), salute if an officer (or other personage accorded a salute) is present, 3 March paces smartly and then continue to march until clear of the parade ground. The command, Officer On Parade, Diss-MISS is used when a salute is required. What follows, then, is a right turn, salute, pause of 2,3,Arm Down, pause of 2,3, March 3 paces and then walk away in any direction
"Paces" - Units can be told to do a certain number of paces forward/backward/left/right, with a command like "3 paces left/right close, march" or "2 paces forward/back, march." The advised limit on the number of paces is 6 left or right, 6 backwards or forwards. The idea of the limit is if you want to go further left or right or backwards, you should turn the unit and march them, and if you want to go further forward, you have enough time to give a halt command so a standard quick march is preferable. Side stepping a unit is also prone to misaligning them, and a dress may be needed after. Paces to the side are carried out in slow time, with paces forward and back in quick time, without the arm movement.
United States
More in-depth explanations may be found by reading something similar to the Marine Corps Drill and Ceremonies Manual (MCDC) used by the Navy and Marines or Air Force Manual (AFMAN) or a Drill and Ceremonies Manual. Different branches of the Armed Forces have some difference in drill commands, or may not have a drill command that other branches use.
"Fall in" - Individuals form a formation at the position of attention.
"Fall out" - Individuals drop out of formation. By custom, officers usually take a single step backward with their left foot. Noncommissioned personnel take a step back with the left foot, then with their right, and then perform an about face.
"Attention" - Individuals snap to the position in which they are standing straight, looking forward, and not moving.
"Drill and Ceremony: HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FM 3-21.5 (FM 22-5)
"Present, ARMS" - Individuals execute a hand or rifle salute and hold it until given the command "order arms".
"Order, ARMS" - Individuals bring their hand or rifle back down to their side.
"Open ranks, MARCH" - Movement in which each row (rank) spreads out from another row.
"Close ranks, MARCH" - Movement in which the formation is restored to its normal interval.
"Dress right, DRESS" - Movement in which individuals except those on the extreme left side raise their left arms parallel to the ground and lock their heads to the far right in order to get the proper distance from each other. This is maintained until the command: "Ready, FRONT." At which point, the individuals return to the position of attention.
"Parade, REST" - Individuals spread their feet about 12 inches while bringing both of their arms behind their back interlocking their hands. The back of the left hand rests against the back. The back of the right hand rests on the palm of the left, with the left thumb locked over the right hand and the right thumb locked over the left thumb. If armed, individuals put their left hand behind their back, extending their rifle while the butt remains on the ground by their right foot.
"Stand at, ease" - Individuals perform the command of parade rest, but their eyes and head follow the person in charge.
"At ease" - Individuals are permitted light movement given their right foot does not leave the ground; they are not allowed to talk.
"Rest" - Individuals are permitted light movement and may also engage in quiet conversation as long as their right leg is planted on the ground. Can also be expressed by the command "Relax"
"Forward, MARCH" - Individuals begin marching, from the left foot and a 24-inch step at 120 steps per minute.
"Company/Platoon/Squad/Detail, HALT" or in the Air Force, "Wing/Group/Squadron/Flight, HALT"- Used to stop a unit (formation) from marching by calling it ether on the right or left foot.
"Right Flank, MARCH" - The whole formation turns 90 degrees and continues to march.
"Right, FACE" - A command given from a halt towards a formation to turn 90 degrees to the right or left as one unit
"About, FACE" - A turn 180 degrees facing the opposite direction, executed to the right.
"Recover, TWO" - All persons using the right hand grab their cover on "Recover" and remove the cover on "TWO"
"COVER" - Used to align to the person in front of them in formation, when used after the command "Recover, TWO", all persons replace their cover and remain holding their cap with their right hand until "TWO" is given where they return to the position of attention.
"Right (called on the right foot) step, MARCH" - Individuals take side steps to the right (left).
"Column Half Right(Called on the right foot), MARCH" - A 45-degree pivot to the right (left) while marching. Also knowns as a "Right Oblique."
"Column right (called on the right foot), MARCH" - A movement in which the entire formation executes a series of turns depending on their position. The goal of this movement is to get the entire formation to turn to the right (left) while keeping the same people in the same positions known as column formation.
"Rear, MARCH" or in the Air Force, "To the rear, MARCH" - A turn 180 degrees while marching, also executed to the right.
"Change step, MARCH" - Individuals execute a movement in order to get on step with the formation.
"Route step" - Individuals walk normally without being in step. Often used on long marches or when crossing a bridge to avoid creating harmonic rhythms. *"Extend to the left, MARCH" - A movement in which the formation widens [Usually used during PT].
"Close, MARCH" - A movement in which the formation narrows in width.
"Mark time, MARCH" - Marching in place.
"Half step, MARCH" - Marching at half the distance, often bringing the upper leg parallel to the ground. 15-inch Steps.
"Double time, MARCH" - Marching at twice the cadence of "Forward March;" 100 to 180 steps per min. something of a light jog. The unit is still required to keep in step.
"Right shoulder, ARMS" - The rifle is placed on the right shoulder. The right hand holds the butt of the rifle and the forearm is parallel to the ground, also keeping a 90-degree angle between the forearm and arm.
"Left shoulder, ARMS" - Same as right shoulder arms except on the left side.
"Port, ARMS" - The rifle is carried diagonally in front of the body by both hands.
"Counter-column, MARCH" - The platoon is ordered to reverse direction while marching. The columns neatly turn in on themselves and at the end of the movement the entire marching column has reversed direction. Also known as "circle counter", or "counter march".
Germany
The Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundeswehr, use a basis of commands for all three service branches. The Army (Deutsches Heer) and Air Force (Luftwaffe) use the same commands; the German Navy (Deutsche Marine) has a number of additional commands for duty on a ship. The German "Guards Battalion" of the Federal Department of Defense ("Wachbataillon" beim Bundesministerium der Verteidigung) also have additional commands for honorary duties (Protokolldienst). The Wachbataillon commands mentioned below are only an excerpt of the latter's regulations.
The basic commands are usually divided into two parts, the announcement that a command is to follow(Ankndigungskommando) and the executory command (Ausfhrungskommando). The entire process is called Kommandosprache (lit. "command language"). These are the basic commands, the Ausfhrungskommando is in bold:
Kompanie/Zug/Gruppe/Abteilung, stillgestanden - (lit. company/platoon/group/squad, stand still) The soldier (or respective detail, announcement usually with the attached number or name, e.g. 8. Kompanie) is to stand at Attention.
Achtung - (lit. Attention) Similar to the above, but soldier(s) are to turn their front either towards the soldier calling the command or a superior who is being reported to. Therefore not used in formation, in contrast to stillgestanden, but as means of preparation for either disciplining of subordinates, forming formation or reporting to a superior (e.g. upon entering a room of subordinates or as supervisory authority). Often divided into syllables to create the executory command, sometimes even with attached prefix (3. Gruppe, Ach-tung).
Richt Euch - (lit. line yourselves up) The formation, bar the very right 3 Men turn their heads to the right to align themselves.
Augen gerade-aus - (lit. eyes straight ahead) The formation returns their heads to face front.
Kompanie/Zug/Gruppe/Abteilung, Rhrt Euch - (lit. move yourselves) The Soldier (or respective detail) stands at ease by joining their hands behind their back, right hand resting against the back, right thumb locked over left wrist and moving their right foot approximately 20 cm - 30 cm to the right. If armed, the individual's left hand is kept at the thigh, the rifle remains being strapped on the right shoulder unless ordered otherwise beforehand (additional Wachbataillon command, see below).
Kompanie/Zug/Gruppe/Abteilung, habt acht - (lit. be alert or fig. have respect) Soldier (or the respective detail) assumes a posture mixed between Rhrt euch and Stillgestanden: The hands, fingers outstretched but touching another, stay on the sides of the thighs as in Stillgestanden, right foot assumes Rhrt euch position. Used by the Wachbataillon during special ceremonies, yet included in the general honorary duties regulations.
Das Gewehr, ber - (lit. rifle across) Rifle is either taken from the shoulder and set down at the left foot or taken from that position to be thrown over the right shoulder and locked in place, therefore a combination of the American Shoulder/Order, arms (Wachbataillon command).
Achtung, prsentiert das Gewehr - (lit. attention, present rifle) Rifle salute (Wachbataillon command).
Gewehr ab - (lit. rifle, down) Rifle is brought down to the side of the left foot, equivalent to the American Order, arms (Wachbataillon command).
Rechts/Links um - (lit. right/left around) Right/Left Face, 90, left heel serves as the pivot.
Abteilung, kehrt - (lit. squad, turn) About face, 180, left heel serves as pivot. Squad/Abteilung is not meant to address a specific number of individuals.
Im Gleichschritt, Marsch - (lit. in step, march) The soldiers march in step, beginning with the left foot at approx. 114116 steps a minute. Fingers are outstretched, thumb pressed flat against the hand. As the arms swing, hands are brought up to a point just below the navel, about a hand width away from the stomach.
Ohne Tritt, Marsch - (lit. without step, march) Marching without being in step, suitable for long marches and bridges etc.
Links/Rechts schwenkt, Marsch - (lit. wheel left/right ) Used to indicate the beginning of a left/right-turn motion of the whole formation in half step (up to 180), with the pivot at the point indicated by Marsch. As the three soldiers at the very front reach the desired angle, gerade (lit. straight) is called, on which the turn is completed and the formation keeps walking in that direction. Once the whole formation has passed the pivot, aus (here, lit. on or ahead, thus straight ahead) lets it return to full step.
Rechts/Links ran - (lit. [move] near [the] right/left) Similar to the British Right/Left incline but called and executed while marching. Rarely used.
Abteilung (called on left foot), halt - Formation halts by taking two last steps after "Halt" and pulling the right foot towards the left, ending up in Stillgestanden. Close to the British Halt.
Zur Meldung/Zum Ein(Aus-)marsch der Truppenfahne, Augen rechts - (lit. for the report/for the entrance(procession) of colours, eyes right) usually followed by the report to a superior by the commander of the formation, followed by the soldiers turning their heads freely to watch the colours being carried to their predestined place of the formation or away from it. Subsequently followed by Augen geradeaus. Platoon leaders and above within formation salute with heads turned/turning; in case of colours being carried, all soldiers of the rank of Sergeant and above outside formation do so as well while keeping their front towards (thus, if necessary, following) the flag(s). In both cases, hands are brought down on Augen geradeaus.
Zur Meldung/Zum Einmarsch der Truppenfahne die Augen links - the article die is used to indicate that the command links (left) is to follow.
Wegtreten - (lit. step away) Dismissed/Fall out, introduced by an About face/Abteilung kehrt.
Antreten - (lit. step up) Fall in.
India
During the British Raj the Indian Armed Forces essentially used the English drill commands. Soon after independence, the drill commands were Indianised. The official language of the armed forces is Hindi and thus Hindi words were used where ever possible. Some of the state police units however still continue to use English drill commands.
Line Ban - Fall In
Line Thod - Fall out
Savdhan - Attention
Vishram - Stand at-ease
Aaram Se - Stand easy (but no talking or shifting from the current place)
Sajj-Dahine Sajj - Dress-Right Dress
Sajj-Bah(y)en Sajj - Dress-Left Dress
Khuli Line chal-Open order march
Nikat Line chal-Close order march
Salami Shastr - Present Arms. The English words "General Salute" is used, but "National Salute" has been replaced with Rashtriya Salute
Baaju Shastr - Order Arms
Bagal Shastr - Shoulder Arms. On this command rifles are thrown up using the right hand. It is caught by using both the left hand, and the right. The rifle would be in an elevated position, so that the soldier can put a finger into the trigger guard, and hold the rifle firmly. The left hand is then snapped to the left side.
Bayen Shastr-Port Arms
Oonch Bayen Shastr-High Port Arms. Rifles are held above the head.
Shok Shastr - Mourn Arms
Ulte Shastr - Reverse Arms. The rifles are held tightly under the left arms with the barrel facing backwards. The soldier's right hand would be used to hold the barrel steady at the back. Used when escorting funeral caskets/gun carriages etc.
Dahine/Bhah(y)e Mud - Right/Left Turn
Tham - Halt
Tez Chal - Quick march. For breaking into quick time from slow time, the command would be Tez Chal Mein... Tez Chal..
Dheere Chal - Slow march. For breaking into slow time from quick time, the command would be Dheere Chal Mein... Dheere Chal..
Daudke Chal - Super quick time, or running
Parade Teeno-teen mein dahine/baye chalega... - Move to the right/left in columns of threes. This command is given just before the orders to actually execute the turn.
Kooch kar - Take charge. Usually given when a senior officer wants some one junior to him to take charge of the parade/company/troop. On hearing this command, the junior officer would take a step forward, salute and then about turn to the men on parade.
Parade par - On Parade. Usually given during parades, when certain officers/JCOs/NCOs who would be standing as a separate group, is to march up to stand in front of the troops coming under them.
Hoshiar - Stand to. This command is essentially used at the quarter guard when the sentry senses any danger (or is ordered by the duty officer/JCO to test the alertness of the guard). The sentry is to shout out thrice Guard Hoshiar, and within this time period the members of the quarter guard are to run out of the guard room and occupied their pre-determined positions.
Visarjan - Dismiss
Dahine Dekh - Eyes right
Ba(h)yen Dekh - Eyes left
Saamne Dekh - Eyes front
Canada
The English commands are very similar to British Drill commands while the French commands are generally translations of the English command. The Canadian Forces sometimes call weapon drill in French while march commands are called in English. This is done at units such as trades schools where both English and French are used. Unilingual English units and unilingual French units generally use their own language for all commands. Detailed information on Canadian Drill can be found in the The Canadian Forces Manual of Drill and Ceremonial
Standard English commands are as follows:
Attention - Standing at attention with hands down seams of pants
Stand at Ease - Stand with feet shoulder width apart and hands behind back
Stand Easy - Stand with feet shoulder width apart and hands are generally in front of the person, however they are allowed to be moved momentarily
To the (Front, Left, Right) Salute - Salute to the (front, left, right)
Right Turn - Turn 90 degrees to the right
Left Turn - Turn 90 degrees to the left
About Turn - Turn 180 degrees to face the opposite direction (always turning to the right)
Right Incline - Turn 45 degrees to the right
Left Incline - Turn 45 degrees to the left
Dismissed - Turn 90 degrees to the right and march (off the parade square or until three paces)
By the (Left, Centre, or Right) Quick march - Marching in quick time (120 beats per minute) (Arms swing to breast pocket height)
By the (Left, Centre, or Right) Easy march - Marching in quick time but with hands checked by sides
By the (Left, Centre, or Right) Slow march - Marching in slow time (60 beats per minute)
Finland
In Finnish military drill, commands are two parted: valmistava (precautionary/readying) and kskev (executive). When ordering a formation, the commanding soldier (officer or assigned drill supervisor) gives a precautionary command so the soldiers know what formation they need to fall into. At the executive order they fall in the specified formation. An example being Kahteen riviin... (into two lines) JRJESTY (form). At jrjesty the soldiers align themselves in the specified number of rows, with the kulmamies (cornerman) at an arms length from the one who gave the order. When a formation is formed they ojentaa (extend), so as to make sure the lines and rows are in perfect order: Soldiers are an arms length apart from each other, as the first row extends their left arm onto the right shoulder of the one next to them and turn their heads to the cornerman. The men behind the cornerman extend their left arm forward to the shoulderblade of the man in front of them. The cornerman checks the straightness of the lines/rows, lowering his arm and turning his head forward when ready. At this the soldiers turn their heads forward and lower their arm when the one next to them has done so, forming a wave. When an extension is order e.g. OJENNUS (extension) the cornerman keeps his head forward while the rest of the formation extends. At the command katse eteen - PIN (eyes - FRONT) the formation lowers theirs arms and turns their heads forward simultaneously. A variant of jrjesty used is ryhmity (group), at which the unit ordered runs into formation. When ordering from one formation to another, mars (march) is used as the executive order (mars mars would mean "double time!", an order to run). To have the attention of a unit, the commanding officer shouts e.g. yksikk! (unit). At this the unit in question stands in attention, facing towards the one who has their attention.
ASENTO - Stand in attention
LEPO - At ease
Katse eteen/vasemmalle/oikealle - PIN - order to turn the heads of the formation front/left/right.
Knns vasempaan/oikeaan - PIN - order to turn 90 degrees left/right.
Tysknns vasempaan - PIN - order to turn 180 degrees (the soldiers always turn left at this command, as the one giving orders can NEVER be behind them).
(Kahteen/kolmeen/neljn/etc) riviin - JRJESTY - Order to form a row. The first section contains the number of rows: riviin (into a single row), kahteen riviin (into two rows), kolmeen riviin (into three rows).
(Kahteen/kolmeen/neljn/etc) jonoon - JRJESTY - Order to form a line. The first command contains the number of lines: jonoon (into a single line), kahteen jonoon (into two lines), kolmeen jonoon (into three lines).
Opetusavonelin - MARS - Order to form an open square. Usually used in exercises, so the trained unit could better see what the trainer wishes to show and teach them.
Opetusavoriviin - MARS - Order for the rows of the formation to space apart. This command is preceded by instructions on how far apart the rwos are (e.g. Rivien vliset etisyydet 10 askelta. Ensimminen rivi ottaa 20 askelta, toinen rivi 10. [Distance between rows, ten paces. First row takes 20 paces, second takes ten]). This formation is used in training, when the training officer has subtrainers at his disposal, who teach each row individually.
Taakse - POISTU - Order to run ten paces back at the best possible speed. Can be ordered for other directions. The length of the run can be controlled by stating the destination or the amount of paces. The soldiers must run to their destination.
tahdissa - MARS - Order to march in pace.
tahditta - MARS - Order to march out of pace.
Singapore
The Singaporean Armed Forces use a unified system of drill commands across all three service branches. Formal commands are issued in Malay with informal conversation conducted in English. All drills are performed with feet stomping unless specifically instructed to perform "silent drills".
Sedi-A - Stand at Attention. Elbows locked, eyes stare forward, chin up. No movement.
Ke-kanan-lu-rus- Face to the right, straighten the dressing
Senang di-RI - Stand at Ease. Legs placed shoulder width apart, hands behind backs, right hand over left hand, fingers straightened. Eyes still forward, looking up, no talking.
Begerak Ke-kanan/kiri, bertiga-tiga, Ke-kanan/kiri, Pu-SING - Move to your right/left, three by three, right/left turn. "Kiri" and "Kanan" stand for left and right respectively. They are interchangeable in commands. "Bertiga-tiga" is also given in context, depending on how many rows deep the formation is. Three by three stands for the standard formation depth of three rows. "Dalam dua/empat barisan" would be used for two and four rows respectively.
Diam - To freeze at wherever you are and stop talking.
Dari kiri, cepat, ja-LAN- by the left, quick march."
Berhen-TI- halt
Hentak kaki, cepat, hen-TAK- Mark time.
Kiri/Kanan be-LOK- Left/Right Wheel.
Dari Kanan/Kiri/Belakang, BILANG - number off from the right/left/rear.
Ke-Belakang, pu-SING- About Turn.
Ke-kiri/kanan, pu-SING- Left/Right Turn.
Skuad, Keluar-BARIS- Squad, fall out
As for sizing these are the commands that need to be executed;
Yang Tinggi Ke Kanan, Rendah ke Kiri, Dalam Satu Barisan Pass- Fall out. Then arrange yourselves from tallest to tall. Tallest must stands at the most right.
Dari Kanan, Angkat satu Dan Dua Bilang- from the right, shout 1 and 2.
Nombor Ganjil Satu Langkah Kehadapan, Nombor Genap Satu Langkah Ke Belakang Gerak- Odd number move 1 step forward, even numbers move 1 step backward.
Orang di Sebelah Kanan Diam. Nombor Ganjil Bergerak Ke Kanan, Nombor Genap Bergerak Ke Kiri. Barisan, Ke Kanan Dan Ke Kiri Pu-Sing- The right person stay put. Odd number turn to their right while even numbers turn to their left.
Jadikan Tiga Barisan, Gerak- March to for 3 rows.
These are just the basic commands. For more complex parade movements and formations, commands are modified, changed, or new commands formed to adequately describe movement. This is not too long a process, because Malay is still an actively spoken language.
Ireland
In the Irish Defence Forces, Foot and Arms Drill is usually given in the Irish language. All soldiers are trained in foot and arms drill in Irish, and usually don't give a second thought as to the translations of the various commands. Although Irish is taught throughout primary and secondary education in the Republic, very few recruits or cadets in any of the three services are fully bilingual, less still use Irish as a first language.
Irish is the primary language when a body of soldiers is on the square, but in cases where live ammunition is used or where gun drill for live ammunition practice or deployment is being carried out, English commands are used to ensure that the order is fully understood. Examples of this substitution would be - Mounting the guard or artillery gun drill. Because foot and arm drill commands are passed down by word of mouth through training, the Irish commands have become distorted from their original pronunciations. In the same way that has occurred in the British Army (the subject of many parodies with squealing Sergeant Majors), words of command lose their defined pronunciation; examples being Aire (Arra) which often becomes Ahha and Cle (Kley) which is sometimes distorted to Hey or Huy.
A list of Irish Commands follows.
Meitheal ----- Party
Gasra ----- Section
Buonn ----- Platoon
Complacht ----- Company
Cathlain ----- Battalion
Parid ----- Parade
Rang ----- Rank
Aire ----- Attention
Seasig ar is ----- Stand at Ease
Ar Socracht ----- Stand Easy
Le Heathraimh Dheis-Deasag ----- With Intervals-Right Dress
Dheis-Deasag ----- Right-Dress
Dearcaig F Dheis (Cl) ----- Eyes Right (Left)
Dearcaig Romhaibh ----- Eyes Front
Ag Iomp ----- Turning (precedes the following commands)
Deas Iompag ----- Right Turn
Cl Iompag ----- Left Turn
Iompag Thart ----- About Turn
Leathdeas Iompag ----- Half Right Turn
Leathchl Iompag ----- Half Left Turn
Do Rir Dheis (Cl) ----- By the Right (left)
Go Mear Mirseil ----- Quick March
Go Mall Mirseil ----- Slow March
Cldag ----- Cover (replace head dress)
Dcldag ----- Uncover (remove head dress)
Stad ----- Stop
Greadag Fuibh ----- Mark Time
Ar Aghaidh ----- Forward
Dh Choiscim Ar Aghaidh Mirseil ----- Two paces forward March
Dh Choiscim Ar Ais Mirseil ----- Two paces Backward March
Oscail Na Ranga Mirseil ----- Open Ranks March
Dn Na Ranga Mirseil ----- Close Ranks March
Ar Sodar Mirseil ----- Double March
Luigh Isteach ----- Fall In
Luigh Amach ----- Fall Out
Scaipig ----- Dismissed (Mounting or dismounting the guard)
Chun Mall Chim Athraigh Go Mall Mirseil --- Break into Slow Time, Slow March
Chun Mear Chim Athraigh Go Mear Mirseil --- Break into Quick Time, Quick March
Ar Dheis(Chl) --- I Line Teigh On the Right Form a Line
Athrag Treo F Dheis (Chl) Deas Chasaigh --- Change Direction Right (Left) Right (Left) Wheel
Cirtis ----- Salute
Dheis, Comhraigh ----- From the Right, Number
Socair ----- Steady
Mar a Bh ----- As you Were
Arms Drill
Gaeilge ----- English
Tairgig Airm ----- Present Arms Iompragh Airm ----- Carry Arms Chun Cigireachta Taispenaig Airm ----- For Inspection Port Arms
Bogaig Tuailim ----- Ease Springs
Tgaig Airm ----- Pick Up Arms
Garda ----- Guard
Lucht Dualgas ----- Security Duty
Ldil ----- Load
Lmhach ----- Fire
Ridh ----- Ready
Dldil ----- Unload
Aisiompag Airm ----- Reverse Arms
Ar Airm Aisiompaithe Lig ----- Rest on Arms Reversed
Using this, the order for a platoon of soldiers to go from the halt to a quick march would be
"Rachaidh an Buionn cun cionn, de reir dheis, go mar marseaill" etc.
Public displays of foot and arms drill by the Defence Forces are not common but are not unusual. A guard of honour is usually detailed by the Defence Forces to act on state occasions, and occasions of local importance, especially those where the President is present, or where the Defence Forces have specific interest. Examples of those events televised would be the 1916 Rising commemorations and the National Day of Remembrance. Units of the Defence Forces also march in the annual St Patricks Day Parade in the towns or cities where they are stationed, a tradition which they have continued on overseas postings.
Foot and arms drill commands are taught using a formulaic method known as the Screed. Drill instructors are usually of the rank of corporal, and ability to teach drill movements by the screed is one of the skills which must be attained prior to promotion to this rank. The Screed usually begins "Taking you a stage further in your foot/arms drill i will now teach you the ....... Irish word of command ......." and includes instructor demonstrations and time set aside for soldiers in the recruit sections to practice the movement in pairs on the square. Although this system is meant to teach movements correctly and quickly, and set a standard of foot and arms drill throughout the forces, it is not favoured by many drill instructors who see it as too rigid, promoting an atmosphere of mindless obeyance which fails to produce good soldiers who can think for themselves.
For practical and historical reasons, the foot and arms drill of the Irish Army remains similar to that of the British Army.
See also
Drill team
Military Drill Team
Exhibition drill
Drill (disambiguation)
Parade (military)#Common Parade Commands
External Links
Drill Commands Handbook
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