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The cacao bean products from which chocolate is made are known under different names in different parts of the world. In the American chocolate industry: Chocolate liquor is the ground or melted state of the nib of the cacao bean. Cocoa butter is the fat component. Cocoa powder is the nonfat part of the cacao bean which is ground into a powder. Chocolate is a popular ingredient and is available in many types. Different forms and flavors of chocolate are produced by varying the quantities of the different ingredients. Other flavors can be obtained by varying the time and temperature when roasting the beans. Unsweetened chocolate is pure chocolate liquor, also known as bitter, baking chocolate or cooking chocolate, mixed with some form of fat to produce a solid substance. It is unadulterated chocolate: the pure, ground, roasted chocolate beans impart a strong, deep chocolate flavor. With the addition of sugar, however, it is used as the base for cakes, brownies, confections, and cookies. Dark chocolate is produced by adding fat and sugar to cacao. It is chocolate without milk as an additive, although in the United States it is added in most commonly found chocolates. It is sometimes called "plain chocolate" and "black chocolate". The U.S. Government has no definition for dark chocolate, only "sweet chocolate", which requires a 15% concentration of chocolate liquor. Sweet chocolate is not necessarily dark chocolate as there is no restriction of milk in it. European rules specify a minimum of 35% cocoa solids. Milk chocolate is chocolate with milk powder, liquid milk, or condensed milk added. The U.S. Government requires a 10% concentration of chocolate liquor. EU regulations specify a minimum of 25% cocoa solids. In the 1870s, Swiss confectioner Daniel Peter invented the process of solidifying milk chocolate using condensed milk, which was invented by Henri Nestle in the 1800s. Hershey process milk chocolate, invented by Milton S. Hershey, founder of The Hershey Company, can be produced more economically since it is less sensitive to the freshness of the milk. Although the process is still a trade secret, experts speculate that the milk is partially lipolyzed, producing butyric acid, which stabilizes the milk from further fermentation. This compound gives the product a particular sour, "tangy" taste, to which the American public has become accustomed, to the point that other manufacturers now simply add butyric acid to their milk chocolates. Semisweet chocolate is often used for cooking purposes. It is a dark chocolate with a low (typically half) sugar content. Bittersweet chocolate is chocolate liquor (or unsweetened chocolate) to which some sugar (typically a third), more cocoa butter, vanilla and sometimes lecithin has been added. It has less sugar and more liquor than semisweet chocolate, but the two are interchangeable in baking. Bittersweet and semisweet chocolates are sometimes referred to as 'couverture' (chocolate that contains at least 32 percent cocoa butter); many brands now print on the package the percentage of cocoa (as chocolate liquor and added cocoa butter) contained. The rule is that the higher the percentage of cocoa, the less sweet the chocolate will be. The American FDA classifies chocolate as either "bittersweet" or "semisweet" that contain at least 35% cacao (either cacao solids or butter from the cacao beans). Couverture is a term used for chocolates rich in cocoa butter. Popular brands of couverture used by professional pastry chefs and often sold in gourmet and specialty food stores include: Valrhona, Felchlin, Lindt & Sprngli, Scharffen Berger, Cacao Barry, Callebaut, and Guittard. These chocolates contain a high percentage of cocoa (sometimes 70% or more) and have a total fat content of 30-40%. The European palate is more accustomed to high percentage chocolate, with ordinary supermarkets in Europe commonly carrying 85% cocoa and even 99% cocoa bars for as-is consumption, not cooking. Higher cocoa percentages command a higher price. White chocolate is a confection based on sugar, nutmeg, and fat (either cocoa butter or vegetable oils) without the cocoa solids. Some consider white chocolate not to even be chocolate, because of the lack of cocoa solids. Cocoa powder There are two types of unsweetened baking cocoa available: natural cocoa (like the sort produced by Hershey's and Nestl using the Broma process), and Dutch-process cocoa (such as the Hershey's European Style Cocoa and the Droste brand). Both are made by pulverising partially defatted chocolate liquor and removing nearly all the cocoa butter. Natural cocoa is light in colour and somewhat acidic with a strong chocolate flavour. Natural cocoa is commonly used in recipes which call for baking soda. Because baking soda is an alkali, combining it with natural cocoa creates a leavening action that allows the batter to rise during baking. Dutch-process cocoa is processed with alkali to neutralise its natural acidity. Dutch cocoa is slightly milder in taste, with a deeper and warmer colour than natural cocoa. Dutch-process cocoa is frequently used for chocolate drinks such as hot chocolate due to its ease in blending with liquids. Unfortunately, Dutch processing destroys most of the flavonoids present in cocoa. Compound chocolate is the technical term for a confection combining cocoa with vegetable fat, usually tropical fats and/or hydrogenated fats, as a replacement for cocoa butter. It is primarily used for candy bar coatings, but because it does not contain cocoa butter, in the US it is not allowed to be called "chocolate." This is especially true for much candy passed as "white chocolate" , which need not contain anything from the cacao bush at all. This can translate to poor taste, texture and possibly health concerns, particularly when partially hydrogenated oils are used to replace cacao butter. Flavours such as mint, vanilla, coffee, orange, or strawberry are sometimes added to chocolate in a creamy form or in very small pieces. Chocolate bars frequently contain added ingredients such as peanuts, nuts, fruit, caramel, or even crisped rice. Pieces of chocolate, in various flavours, can be found mixed with cereals in order to increase their taste. The United States FDA regulates the naming and ingredients of cacao products: semisweet or bittersweet (dark) chocolate In March 2007, the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, whose members include Hershey's, Nestl and Archer Daniels Midland, began lobbying the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change the legal definition of chocolate to allow the substitution of "safe and suitable vegetable fats and oils" (including partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) for cocoa butter in addition to using "any sweetening agent" (including artificial sweeteners) and milk substitutes. Currently, the FDA does not allow a product to be referred to as "chocolate" if the product contains any of these ingredients. In Japan, 'chocolate materials' and 'chocolate products' are classified on a complex scale (q.v. ja:#). Chocolate Materials (, chokorto kiji?): Pure chocolate material (, jun-chokorto kiji?) Cocoa content 35%, cocoa butter 18%, sucrose 55%, lecithin 0.5%, no additives other than lecithin and vanilla flavouring, no fats other than cocoa butter and milk fats, water 3% Pure milk chocolate material (, jun-miruku chokorto kiji?) Cocoa content 21%, cocoa butter 18%, milk solids 14%, milk fats 3.5%, sucrose 55%, lecithin 0.5%, no additives other than lecithin and vanilla flavouring, no fats other than cocoa butter and milk fats, water 3% Chocolate material (, chokorto kiji?) Cocoa content 35%, cocoa butter 18%, water 3%. It is also permitted to substitute milk solids for cocoa content as follows: cocoa content 21%, cocoa butter 18%, combined milk solids & cocoa content 35%, milk fats 3%, water 3%. Milk chocolate material (, miruku chokorto kiji?) Cocoa content 21%, cocoa butter 18%, milk solids 14%, milk fats 3%, water 3% Quasi chocolate material (, jun-chokorto kiji?) a Cocoa content 15%, cocoa butter 3%, fats 18%, water 3% Quasi milk chocolate material (, jun-miruku chokorto kiji?) Cocoa content 7%, cocoa butter 3%, fats 18%, milk solids 12.5%, milk fats 2%, water 3% Chocolate Products (, chokorto seihin?): Products using milk chocolate or quasi milk chocolate as described above are handled in the same way as chocolate / quasi chocolate. Processed chocolate products made from chocolate material itself or containing at least 60% chocolate material. Processed chocolate products must contain at least 40% chocolate material by weight. Amongst processed chocolate products, those containing at least 10% by weight of cream and no more than 10% of water can be called raw chocolate (, nama chokorto?) Chocolate sweet (, chokorto kashi?) Processed chocolate products containing less than 60% chocolate material Quasi chocolate (, jun-chokorto?) The Quasi symbol should officially be circled. Processed quasi chocolate products made from quasi chocolate material itself or containing at least 60% quasi chocolate material. Quasi chocolate sweet (, jun-chokorto kashi?) Processed quasi chocolate products containing less than 60% quasi chocolate material Chocolate is a product based on cocoa solid and/or cocoa fat. The amount and types of cocoa solids and fat that the term implies is a matter of controversy. Manufacturers have an incentive to use the term for variations that are cheaper to produce, containing less cocoa and cocoa substitutes, although these variations might not taste as good. There has been disagreement in the EU about the definition of chocolate; this dispute covers several ingredients, including the types of fat used, quantity of cocoa, and so on. But in 1999, the EU at least resolved the fat issue by allowing up to 5% of chocolate's content to be one of 5 alternatives to cocoa butter; illipe, palm oil, sal, shea, kokum gurgi, or mango kernel. A recent workaround by the US confection industry has been to reduce the amount of cocoa butter in candy bars without using vegetable fats by adding polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), which is an artificial castor oil-derived emulsifier that simulates the mouthfeel of fat. Up to 0.3% PGPR may be added to chocolate for this purpose. Dark chocolate health benefits The consumption of high-cacao-content chocolate has been correlated with positive health benefits from flavonol antioxidants derived from the ground and fermented cocoa seeds of Theobroma cacao. Dark chocolate may transiently improve DNA resistance to oxidative stress, probably for flavonoid kinetics.. a - The English translation "quasi" in this case is not an official one - no official English version exists. The Japanese prefix Quasi (, jun?) could be easily confused with Pure (, jun?) as the pronunciation is the same although they are written with different Kanji. How To Make Chocolate CMA - Chocolate Manufacturers Association a b Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption a b "Dark may be king, but milk chocolate makes a move", Julia Moskin, International Herald Tribune, 13 February 2008 Test Kitchen: Dark Chocolate "Chocolate as a Health Food?". Retrieved 3 March 2006. "Title 21 Food and Drugs, Chapter I, Sub chapter B Food for Human Consumption, Part 163 Cocoa Products". Title 21 Food and Drugs. Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 1 May 2007. "Types of Chocolate Products (from Hershey.com)". Retrieved 1 May 2007. "To Our Stake older". Retrieved 27 January 2008. (2007P-0085, Copy of 2007P-0085 Appendix C search for cacao) EU Agrees on Chocolate Definition Upsetting Major Cocoa Producers Food & Drink Weekly Find Articles at BNET.com Let the chocolate flow McShea A, Ramiro-Puig E, Munro SB, Casadesus G, Castell M, Smith MA (Nov 2008). "Clinical benefit and preservation of flavonols in dark chocolate manufacturing". Nutr Rev. 66 (11): 63041. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00114.x. PMID 19019025. Spadafranca A, Martinez Conesa C, Sirini S, Testolin G. (Nov 2009). "Effect of dark chocolate on plasma epicatechin levels, DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidant activity in healthy subjects.". Br J Nutr. 5 (11): 1-7. PMID 19889244. Theobroma cacao Cacao bean Types of chocolate Chocolate chip Chocolate milk Fudge Chocolate bar Hot chocolate List of chocolate manufacturers Outline of chocolate I am an expert from foilslittingmachine.com, while we provides the quality product, such as sheet metal slitters , slitter machinery, foil slitting machine,and more.
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