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Integrated circuit is frequently called as miniaturized electronic circuit that contains many semiconductors along with passive parts connected to circuit board. The entire design is called as a hybrid integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit. After working hard for many years and experiments, the IC industry was established. The semi-conductor technology has got extra-ordinary improvement and advancement in the middle of 20th century. The ICs were built in huge volume yet with capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design at the time of manufacturing. Therefore standardized ICs started using in place of designs using discrete transistors. Before the development of IC, discrete circuits were everywhere and were used. But the main difference between IC and discrete circuits is that IC is more advance, reliable and capable of working extra-ordinary as compare to discrete circuits. ICs are less expensive than discrete circuits and also better in performance. These are the two main reasons or advantage of ICs over discrete circuits in broader perspective. Due to the low price of these ICs most of the people favor as compared to discrete circuits. The motivation for this low price is the printing of chips and all their components as a unit rather than being developed on each transistor at the same time by a process called photolithography. Also less material are used in constructing an IC than it is used in a discrete circuit. Because of these reasons designing an IC does not cost much. Integrated Circuits have high performance as against discrete circuits because IC uses components which quickly switch and also consume less energy. These components are small in size and are built closely with each other so that they can easy and quickly switch and consume less amount of energy. When the technology was not advanced in the early days of IC industry only few transistors could be placed on a chip because of the large size. Later on, millions, and today around billions of transistors could be placed on one chip. That is why while designing the IC; thorough planning is done by the professionals. This method has greatly improved the design methods and encouraged the designers to develop new ones every so often. ICs, are the likely the most important invention in our time. Microprocessors which are used in computers and cell phones are a type of integrated circuit. ICs grow smaller and smaller but are packed with more and more circuitry. They are used in everything from communication, manufacturing, computing, and transportation. Even the internet is possible because of integrated circuits.
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