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Movies have come a long way since their humble beginnings as silent films. Today’s movies are shot optimized for three-dimensional (3D) viewing—they contain dazzling special effects and surround sound, and stars famous personalities. However, the principles of film go all the wayto scholars studying about optics and projecting images on to various flat surfaces. The history of film starts in the Middle Ages, when scholars experimented with various types of camera obscuras. It worked by inverting light through a small lens outside its chamber, and projecting the image through a surface. That trial created a moving image which looked a lot like what people see in movie theaters at present. In 1877, the first experimental film of a horse was created, showing that when it gallops, all four legs were off the ground at once. It was shot using 24 cameras, each tripped by the horse’s hooves as it passed by. In 1888, the first known motion picture was recorded, showing scenes in a garden. It run for only two seconds, but it is iconic, as it is the oldest surviving film currently known. Today, most of these early films are available as free movies to watch online. Up until the introduction of “talkies” in the 1920s, all films produced were silent. When sound was introduced, it dramatically shook up the film industry, since moviegoers began to flock to cinemas in droves due to curiosity of hearing sound simultaneously with the picture. Silent films continued into the 1930s, but by then, most of Hollywood’s releases all had sound incorporated in the film. In the 1940s and 1950s, some of the greatest films Hollywood ever created were released. In the 1960s, the film industry declined due to the paranoia on nuclear attacks because of the Cold War; films made during this period had themes of war and propaganda. The 1970s saw the rebirth of Hollywood cinema, known as its second golden age, and the blockbuster films of this era are widely available as free movies to watch online. In the 1980s, the introduction of Betamax and VHS cassettes made films more accessible and profitable to produce. In the 1990s, DVDs were introduced and films became even more mainstream. Finally, at the beginning of the 21st century, the rapid rise in the popularity of the Internet made a lot of websites offer free movies to watch online.
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