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Not all cataracts are the same. There are certain differences that are unique to each type of cataract, resulting in the need for a classification system. Ophthalmologists generally identify the different types of cataracts according to two criteria: location and origin. Cataracts Classified by Location Several types of cataracts are classified based on the location of the clouding of the eye’s lens:
• Nuclear sclerotic cataract – This type of cataract forms near the center of the lens, also called its nucleus. It causes a gradual yellow clouding and hardening of the central portion of the lens. This is the most common location for cataract formation.
• Cortical cataract – This type of cataract develops on the outer portion of the lens, called the cortex. It looks like spokes of a wheel which shoot towards the center of the lens, scattering light that passes through the cataracts.
• Posterior subcapsular cataract – This type of cataract forms on the back surface of the lens, under the lens capsular bag which encloses the lens. Posterior subcapsular cataracts lead to light sensitivity and blurry vision. Patients may experience glare and halos as well.Diabetics and steroid users most commonly develop this type of cataract. Cataracts Classified by Origin By far, age-related cataracts are the most common type based on origin. The general age of onset for cataracts is during your 60s or 70s, although it is possible to develop them at a slightly younger age. Other types of cataracts classified by origin include: • Secondary cataracts – These generally develop following eye surgery, particularly associated with glaucoma or a retinal condition. Diabetes or prolonged steroid use may also cause secondary cataracts.
• Traumatic cataracts – These form as a result of an injury or trauma to the eye. You may develop traumatic cataracts right after the injury, or it may take several years for the condition to appear. Blunt trauma to the eye and chemical exposure are the two biggest risk factors for traumatic cataracts.
• Congenital cataracts – These develop at birth. In mild cases, you may not experience much in the way of vision problems. However, severe congenital cataracts may need to be removed in order to prevent other vision issues such as strabismus or amblyopia.
• Radiation cataracts – While very rare, it is possible that certain types of radiation, particularly ultraviolet light radiation, may cause cataracts. To learn more about the different types of cataracts, visit www.eyes.com today.
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