Weak high-rise building fire water system design features - high-rise buildings, weak systems, fire

Keywords: Weak system of high-rise fire safety 1? For Design and acceptance of temporary absence Accordance with the regulations, China's building height of 24 meters and below the fire system design buildings according to national standard "architectural design code for fire protection," the Executive, 24 ~ 100 meters of buildings according to national standard, "Building Energy Standards" implementation, underground industrial or civil construction according to the "People's air defense fire protection engineering design," the Executive. National standards are mandatory technical regulations, is bound owner, design unit, construction units and the common acceptance of unit scale. Super-tall building there is no corresponding national standard, in practice, can only refer to the relevant national standard and international standards, in accordance with the advice the local fire department, spirit of spirit of safety first, as carefully detailed design work done.

2? Higher standard fire detector layout Generally high-rise building in addition to the top, the layers of the roof was flattened (that is, the top layer of zero slope), floors not more than 6 meters. Under these conditions, the general architecture of the smoke detector to protect the general area of 60 square meters, the protection radius of 5.8 meters, but high-rise buildings, fire departments often require higher standards, such as the requirement to protect an area 40 ~ 50 square meters protect the strict control radius, according to the formation of the rectangle aspect ratio detector to determine location. Obviously, the arrangement of detectors is more close to a square arrangement of the economy. Thermal detectors located in the basement, kitchen and places where smoking is permitted in the flattened condition, the protection area of 20 square meters, 3.6 meters radius protection. Note that the problem often lies in the plane of the corner office building, the detector can not protect the radius audit requirements. Can be in the general construction of such problems in high-rise accommodation is required to be strictly enforced. In addition, transformation and distribution room, generator room, belt conveyor, as well as cable tray, in addition to gas based fire extinguishing system (usually self-built by the owners after the civil works), it should also consider setting up cable-type smoke detector.

3? Warning means Addition to smoke detector, temperature sensors, hand report button, fire hydrant buttons, high-rise building in the garage, the kitchen should be added combustible gas detectors. In all major rooms (some on duty), especially the fire control room floor, it should be set up 119 special fire calls, and the City telephone office switching equipment 119 through, as a general whole set alarm level lights, and electric bell or buzzer alarm because man-made panic and confusion in the emergency broadcasting conditions, many do not use.

4? Alarm detector installation sites High-rise in a room where more than 5 square meters should be located detectors, even if the bathroom is no exception. In addition, the staircase is a fire escape routes should be located detectors. Electrical shafts or small, because the possibility of major fires, the role of important and must be set up layer by layer. Hand reported set a radius of 30 meters walking distance, usually located in stairways and exits near the means of escape for personnel to escape is to facilitate the alarm.

5? Refuge floors of the Fire arrangements Refuge floor high-rise building set is the special emergency measures. It is used to hedge when fire personnel are staying, to make up for high-rise fire caused by fire-fighting equipment to a lack of (particularly China). Generally every 50 meters high set up a refuge floor, 100 ~ 200 meters high set two refuge floors. Layer in the refuge office or generally no place to live day to day, that the building space used only for emergency disaster relief. However, in order to solve practical problems high-rise, and to meet the needs of the fire itself, usually to avoid fire personnel need to ensure the premise, set part of the equipment room, such as smoke positive pressure fan, exhaust fan, air conditioning units, fresh air unit, etc. and asylum-seekers into the air system pressure level independent settings, air flow is not less than 30 cubic meters per hour. Refuge floor exhaust fan and the positive pressure fan working in the fire zone with the same time, exhaust port and inlet adjacent arrangement should not be posted.

Refuge floor layout as one smoke detector protection radius of not more than 5.8 meters (such as installing temperature probes sense to protect an area of no more than 20 square meters), manual alarm button located at the entrance is right next to, each fire district with at least one hand is reported for each hand reported radius of not more than 30 meters, generally about 1.4 meters away from the wall to install. Mostly high-rise tower shape, at least one fire on each partition, but usually most of a fire on each partition.

To ensure the smooth flow of communication in emergency situations, refuge floors every 20 meters should be set a fire or a dedicated telephone extension phone jack.

6? Smoke screen settings Grasp the high-rise fire a manifestation of strict fire prevention measures, multiple methods and complement each other. According to the general rules of fire, produce a large number of the initial phase of smoke, smoke rising to the ceiling first, then spread along the horizontal ceiling. In response to this law, in the underground levels and podium levels (these areas is generally more flammable materials) to set smoke screen, when a fire occurs, smoke screen down (normally 1.5 m), so that smoke in the short time limit set in the pre-regional, for personnel to escape, the fire of precious time, delaying the expansion rate of fire hazards. Clearly, high-rise buildings located in the smoke screen, and the linkage with the fire control room control cabinet is connected is essential.

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