Kite-line parameters
Depending on the kite application and kite system needs, selecting a kite line will consider one or more of the following parameters: availability, base material, color, density, mass per length, size, manufacturer's reports, serial number or product number, diameter, cross-section shape, tensile strength new, aged tensile strength, resistance damage from chemicals, defects, safety factor, resistance to damage from solar radiation (UV stabilization), electrical conductivity, optical conductivity, heat conductivity, moisture intake from water (via humidity, rain, contact with liquid water), buoyancy in water, abrasion resistance, nature of manufacturer's line joins, feel, degradation from knotting, terminal methods, elasticity, structure, signal transmission capacity, visibility to radar, performance over time, maintenance actions, effect on performance from hours of use, drag, negative lift, auxiliary line uses, performance when being reeled under tension, performance when tensed line touches itself, action upon breaking, memory, veil, sleeving, inspectability, surface finish, reaction to heat and cold, taper (as wanted), flexibility, reeling behavior, breaking strength, critical diameter, reliability, test-results portfolio, visibility, twist, plasticity, safety, price. Toy kites sold with a manufacturer's selected line makes the decision easy; the decision is more challenging for custom kite applications. The design and handling of the piano-wire kite line for the high-altitude meteorological observations (17491933) was a keen engineering process.
Kite lines for children's toy kites
To avoid burns and cuts, kite lines for children toy kites are frequently soft fuzzy cotton twine.
Kite lines for sport control kites
Lack of stretch or stable line length for control authority is an advantage of special control lines. Melting point is considered when controlling a kite for kite fighting; lower cost cotton line can melt a crossed expensive synthetic line. Kite lines Dyeing kite lines for show and control line management can occur at a line factory or by a user.
Kite lines for miniature and tiny kites
Kite lines for high altitude attempts
Historically, high altitude kite flights were made by atmospheric scientists and meteorologists in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Routine flights around the world were made using steel wire with single kites and kite trains. The highest recorded flight was made by a German meteorological station at Lindenberg in 1919. It is reported that the top kite reached 31,955 ft above the launch point. The line was over 20 km of high tensile steel piano wire with a breaking strength varying between 134 and 225 kg. In 2000 the single-line single-kite altitude world record for kiting was made using a kite line of woven Kevlar line 3/32 inch in diameter at 270 pound breaking-strength. The kite was described by Richard Synergy in his account of the flight, as employing an angle of attack device to limit line tension to 100 lbs. This gives a safety factor of almost 3 to 1 if the breaking strength of this line is 270 lb. More recent high altitude kite flights by Robert Moore and his team in Australia have been made using Dyneema, a braided Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) line, and the identically structured line, Spectra. Both these lines are stronger and lighter than than Kevlar for a given diameter. One of the most important characteristics of line for high altitude kite flying is small diameter and high strength to weight ratio. The greatest barrier to high altitude kite flights is aerodynamic line drag. The use of Dyneema over an extended period has shown that it is highly resistant to ultra violet degradation in comparison to Kevlar.. Richard Crawford, a high altitude flyer from the USA, made an attempt on the world single kite altitude record using a 220 lb test, Technora line manufactured by Twinline. He reported that he flew a delta kite to approximately 6,500 ft in September 2008. Additionally, Steve Garcia & Kevin Morrell of Charlotte, NC attempted a world record altitude for multiple kites on a single line in June 1987 at Myrtle Beach,SC with 60,000 feet of 1000+ lb test line. After reaching an approximately 17,000 feet, the kite line was cut down by a maintenance man atop the 20 story Maison Su Mer condo complex.
Kite lines for special scientific experiments
Kite lines for paravane kiting (water surface kites and underwater water kites)
Kite lines for specialized applications
When a kite application does not fit a common purpose, then specialized kite lines are used. Setting specific records under controlled conditions allows kite operators or competitors to choose kite lines with high specificity and without excessive safety factors.
The short kite line called the hang loop for the free-flying kite hang gliders has received special engineering attention; the further main kite-lines from the hang loop to the pilot's harness are also highly specialized in design .
When maximizing performance for large kites; E. D. Archibald was the first to use piano wire for kiting.
Flatland kiting hang gliders with 3000' of tow line holding the manned hang glider kite takes special care to specify. Protecting the kite line from ground abrasion is considered.
Want to fly an indoor kite without wind? The indoor no-wind kite operator need not worry about line breaks causing damages to downwind property. The choice of line can be very specialized here.
When the kite line is to be invisible, a clear translucent fine thread is chosen.
Making kite lines visible for night flying occurs in short-line and long line applications. Line lights is one solution sometimes used. Lines that carry light is another. Lights on the ground shining on stunt kites and their lines occurs. Flying Kites at Night
Spider silk and their kite line for their "ballooning" (mechanical kiting)
Biologists began using the term "ballooning" for spiderling mechanical kiting . Another spider silk for the bridge thread is frequently kited. And another thread of the spider is used as a drag line from which spiders frequently swing in the breeze, getting deflected before landing. Humans have used spider silk for making kites.
Safety for kite lines
Fit the kite line to the kite application; handle the line as needed to avoid hazards, accidents, and injury to persons and property. The operator of a kite system is fully responsible for damages done by the operation of his or her kite system; this includes the kite line. Pre-flight plan and pre-flight the kite line; avoid surprises. Piano wire is appropriate for certain applications, but totally inappropriate for recreational or sport kite flying. Fishing monofilament line is not used for most hobby, recreational, or sport power kiting because of its stretch, breaking behavior, and thinness; avoid it unless there is a very special application involved. Metal wire can conduct static and current electricity; avoid metal wires unless a professional scientific or industrial engineer approves the line for a specific purpose. Gloves, proper reel choices, goggles, guards, tension limiters, and other safety devices help to reduce accidents. Ability to de-power a kite's lift and drag is a part of sound kite systems. Tensed line can act as razors. Moving lines can cut through flesh too easily. Fatalities too often occur from kite line abuse. Keep kite lines in good condition. Realize that knots weaken kite line. Keep kite lines dry and clean. Log any wear and use of the line; replace lines as needed. Choose a safety factor when designing a line for an application. Avoid flying in the rain or stormy weather changes.,,,
See also
Kite
Kite types
Kite applications
Kite mooring
Paravane (water kite)
Paravane (weapon)
Reel
Cotton
Dacron
Dyneema
Hemp
Kevlar
Linen
Nylon
Polyester
Rayon
Silk
Manja or Manjha, Hindi word for the glass powder coated kite flying & fighting string from Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions
Spider silk
Ballooning (spider) The mechanical kiting of spiderlings has been descriptively called ballooning even though no actual balloon is ever formed.
External links
Kite Lines
Kite Flight, Safety First!!!!!!!!!!
Line adjustment
4-Line Tuning
Line & Stakes
References
^ Meteorological Kites Scientific Kites of the Industrial Revolution by M. Robinson
^ Course 104 - Kite Lines
^ Knots and Hitches for Kite Flying James S. Aber
^ Lines and Winders
^ Sport and Stunt kite flying line
^ Mechanical Cable and Wire Rope
^ Kite history in Germany
^ Knight Precision Wire
^ Through my lens: dyeing kite strings Ahmedabad
^ http://www.kites.org/tmr/Lindenberg_eng.htm
^ New World Record!
^ http://www.kitesite.com.au/kiterecord/index.htm
^ http://www.kitesite.com.au/kiterecord/index_Page1510.htm
^ http://www.matbase.com/material/fibres/synthetic/dyneema/properties
^ http://kitelife.com/forum/index.php?autocom=gallery&req=si&img=819
^ http://www.twinline.org/
^ How To Get The Right Hang Height by Mike Meier
^ Aerobotics. Kites and Meteorology.
^ Tow Tech Supply
^ a b Spiders by Ann R. Heinrichs. Google Books. She observes that the so called ballooning is like a kite or balloon; she is mechanically correct about the kite part, as no true balloon is ever formed by the spider as told in the other references.
^ a b Flying Spiders over Texas! Coast to Coast. Chad B., Texas State University Undergrad: He correctly describes the mechanical kiting of spider "ballooning".
^ The Spider's Web
^ Electric Line Safety.
^ Kite Safety
^ Kites & Kids
^ 3rd Avenue Kiteboarding Safety Guidelines
^ Best Breezes. Essay: "Kite Lines Contribute to Tragic Helicopter Accident in Philippines"
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